Death spot - Shihan

Japanese: 死斑 - しはん
Death spot - Shihan

If blood is left alone, blood cells will settle due to their own weight, but inside the body, they move within the blood vessels and descend to the lower parts of the body. When the color of this blood can be observed through the skin, it is called a mortis. It is similar to the flushing of the face during excitement, but mortis always appears in the lower parts, so for example, if there is a mortis on the back of a face-down corpse, it can be inferred that someone has turned the body position. However, even though mortis appears in the lower parts, it does not appear in parts that have been compressed hard. Mortis appears as a patch about 20 to 30 minutes after death, gradually spreading and becoming stronger, reaching its strongest in about 10 to 14 hours, and this progression shows changes that correspond well to the cause of death, etc. For example, because the blood of a person who dies suddenly is fluid, it appears quickly and strongly, whereas in cases of death from blood loss it appears weakly or not at all. Livid spots are usually dark red to dark purple-red (the color of reduced hemoglobin that has had oxygen consumed), but in cases of acute carbon monoxide poisoning, they turn bright red, which is useful for estimating the cause of death. Livid spots also show a pattern that is useful for estimating the time since death. That is, up until about five hours after death, if the body is turned over, the livid spots will completely move to a new lower part, but after about 12 hours, they will hardly move at all (this can be easily checked by finger pressure, etc.). The reasons given for this include the hemoconcentration theory due to extravasation of plasma components into the blood vessels and the infiltration of hemolyzed hemoglobin into the surrounding tissues.

[Furukawa Masataka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

血液を放置すると血球は自己の重量によって沈降するが、死体内では血管内を移動し下位の部分に就下(しゅうか)してくる。この血液の色が皮膚を通して観察できる場合、これを死斑という。興奮時に顔面が紅潮するのと似ているが、死斑はかならず下位の部分に現れるので、たとえばうつぶせ死体の背中側に死斑があれば、これだけで、だれかが死体位を転換したものと推測できる。ただし、死斑が下位に現れるといっても、強く圧迫される部分には生じない。死斑は死後20~30分くらいで斑紋状に現れ、徐々に広く・強くなり、10~14時間くらいで最強になるが、この推移は死因等によく相応した変化を示す。たとえば、急死体の血液は流動性であるため、早く・強く発現し、失血死では弱いか、発現しない。死斑は、通常、暗赤色~暗紫赤色(酸素が消費された還元ヘモグロビンの色)を呈するが、急性一酸化炭素中毒では死斑は鮮紅色となり、死因の推定上有用である。また、死斑には死後経過時間の推定に有用な法則性もある。すなわち、死後5時間くらいまでは、死体位を転換すると死斑は新たな下位部分へ完全に転移するが、約12時間以上ではほとんど転移しなくなる(これは指圧等で簡単に検することもできる)。その理由として、血漿(けっしょう)成分の血管外漏出による血液濃縮説や、溶血したヘモグロビンによる周囲組織への浸潤説等が示されている。

[古川理孝]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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