Death Instinct - Todestriebe [Germany]

Japanese: 死の本能 - しのほんのう(英語表記)Todestriebe[ドイツ]
Death Instinct - Todestriebe [Germany]
S. Freud's term. More precisely, the "death drive" or "death drive." Freud's theory of instincts changed with theoretical development, but it remained a dualism that always opposed two things. The "death instinct" is a concept that Freud proposed in his final theory of instincts in opposition to the "life instinct (life drive, life drive)." The "death instinct" was conceived to explain phenomena such as negative therapeutic reactions, guilt, and masochism. The theoretical basis for this is that the aim of all instincts in living things is to release tension and recreate a stable state from the past, and since living things arise from inanimate objects and were once inanimate, all living things have a basic tendency to move toward the former inanimate state, that is, toward death. This is too speculative, and many of his successors do not accept it.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
S.フロイトの用語。正確には〈死の衝動〉ないし〈死の欲動〉。フロイトの本能論は,本能の内容は理論的展開とともに変わっていったが,つねに二つのものを対立させる二元論である点は変わらなかった。〈死の本能〉は,フロイトがその最後の本能論において,〈生の本能(生の衝動,生の欲動)〉と対立させて提唱した概念である。〈死の本能〉は,一応は陰性治療反応,罪悪感,マゾヒズムなどの現象を説明するために考えられた。その理論的根拠は,生物のもつすべての本能のめざすところは緊張を解消し,過去の安定状態を再現することであり,生物は無生物から生じ,かつては無生物であったのだから,すべての生物には,かつての無生物の状態,すなわち死へと向かう基本的傾向があるというもので,いかにも思弁的に過ぎ,後継者たちのあいだで承認しない者も多い。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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