French painter. Born in Paris as the son of a wealthy saddler. Though he never had financial problems, he was a staunch anarchist. He received no formal training in painting, except for a few months in 1882 in the studio of Emile Bain. His early works show the strong influence of Monet and even Guillaumin. After he became friends with Seurat when he founded the Society of Artists Independants in 1884, he was opened to the scientific laws of light and color, and the two men complemented each other's shortcomings and worked hard to develop and practice new painting theories, becoming the driving force behind the development of Neo-Impressionism. Two years later, in 1886, they presented the results of their work together at the last Impressionist exhibition, heralding the birth of Neo-Impressionism. One of their representative works from that time is "Portrait of Félix Fénéon" (1890). The sudden death of Seurat in 1891 was a great blow to Signac, and it led to a temporary decline of Neo-Impressionism, but he appointed himself spokesman for the movement and soon began to actively promote it again. At the same time, he switched from Seurat's pointillism, which uses small, scientifically controlled spots of color, to a relatively large, mosaic-like technique, and he became more clearly a pure colorist. He played a major role in passing on the Neo-Impressionist technique to the next generation of painters through his many friendships, such as serving as president of the Société Indépendants and hosting artists to Saint-Tropez in the south of France, a place he claimed to have discovered himself. He was also an active writer, and his clear-sighted work, From Eugène Delacroix to Neo-Impressionism (1899), became a fundamental text on color theory. He died in Paris. [Tatsuji Omori] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの画家。富裕な馬具商の息子としてパリに生まれる。生涯経済的に困ることはなかったが、思想的には筋金入りのアナーキストであった。1882年の数か月間エミール・バンのアトリエで学んだほかは正式な絵画教育を受けなかった。初期の作品は、モネ、さらにはギヨーマンの強い影響を示している。84年、アンデパンダン芸術家協会創設の際スーラと親交を結んでからは、光と色彩の科学的法則に目を開かされ、以来2人は互いに欠を補い合いながら新しい絵画理論の構築と実践に邁進(まいしん)し、新印象主義発展の牽引(けんいん)車となった。2年後の86年、印象派最後の展覧会にともにその成果を発表、新印象主義の誕生を告げた。当時の代表作に『フェリクス・フェネオンの肖像』(1890)がある。シニャックにとって91年のスーラの急逝は大きな痛手となり、新印象主義の一時的な衰退を招いたりもしたが、この運動のスポークスマンを自ら任ずる彼は、やがてふたたび精力的にその普及活動に乗り出す。同時に、科学的に正確に統御された小さな色斑(しきはん)によるスーラの点描法から、比較的大きなモザイク状の描法に転じ、より純粋な色彩画家としての側面を鮮明にするようにもなった。アンデパンダン協会の会長を務めたり、自ら発見したと称する南フランスのサン・トロペに芸術家を招いてそのホスト役を務めるなど、数々の交友によって新印象主義の画法を次代の画家たちに伝えるうえで大きな役割を果たした。また文筆活動も盛んで、その明晰(めいせき)な著作『ウージェーヌ・ドラクロワから新印象主義まで』(1899)は色彩理論の基本的なテキストとなった。パリで没。 [大森達次] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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