Sydney (English spelling)

Japanese: シドニー（英語表記）Sydney

New South Wales is the capital of New South Wales, located in the southeast of Australia. Located on the east coast of the state, it is the oldest and largest city in Australia, and is an economic and cultural center on par with Melbourne. The city is located on the southern coast of Port Jackson Bay, and spreads from the southern coast of Botany Bay and Liverpool and Campbelltown to the south, through Parramatta to Penrith at the foot of the Blue Mountains to the north along the Hawkesbury River. It was founded in 1788 by British soldier Arthur Phillip as Australia's first penal settlement, and has developed along with Australia's progress. New South Wales is a state with a significant concentration of population, commerce, finance, and industry, accounting for about 60% of the state's population and the majority of industrial production, with machinery, textiles, food processing, and in recent years oil refining being important. The city center is home to government offices, corporate offices, and shopping districts, as well as cultural facilities such as the Sydney Opera House, botanical gardens, museums, art galleries, and libraries, as well as many historical buildings including churches and taverns built in the 1840s, the Government House, the General Post Office, City Hall, and the State Parliament Building. It is also close to Bondi Beach and two other universities, including the University of Sydney (1850), the oldest and largest in Australia. The northern side of the bay is connected to the city centre by the Harbour Bridge and ferries, and is home to Taronga Zoo, universities, Manly Beach and residential areas. On the southern coast of Botany Bay is the international airport and a heavy chemical industry area, and at the mouth of the bay is the James Cook Landing Monument. Metropolitan area: 12,406 ^km2 . City area: 26.7 ^km2 . Metropolitan population: 4,429,034. City population: 169,501 (2011).

Sydney
Sidney, Sir Philip

Born: 30 November 1554, Penshurst, Kent
[Died] October 17, 1586. Arnhem. English soldier, politician, poet, and critic. Born into a distinguished family, he was a favorite of Queen Elizabeth I. He studied at Oxford University (1568-71) and was friends with F. Greville and W. Camden. He traveled around the continent (1572-75). The year after his return, he became acquainted with Walter Devereux, Earl of Essex, and met his daughter Pinelope (the subject of the sonnet "Stella"). In 1578, he joined the literary group "Areopagus" and became friends with E. Spenser. Around this time, he began writing sonnets for "Stella", and around 1581, he began writing the novel "Arcadia" (published in 1590) for his sister, the Countess of Pembroke. In 1583, he married Frances Walsingham. In 85 he became governor of Vlissingen (Netherlands), and the following year he volunteered to join the Zutphen relief force, where he was fatally wounded on September 22. He is famous for giving his own water to a dying soldier, and was revered as the ideal gentleman of his time and a model of chivalry. His death was mourned by the entire nation, and over 200 elegies were dedicated to him, including Spenser's Astrophel. All of his books, except for two poems, were published posthumously. His works include the sonnet series Astrophel and Stella (plagiarised in 1991, officially published in 1998), and A Defence of Poetry (published in two editions, An Apologie for Poetrie and The Defence of Poesie, in 1995).

Sydney
Sidney, Algernon

Born 1622 at Penshurst Palace, Kent
[Died] December 7, 1683, London. British politician. Grandson of Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester. Brother of Dorothy (1617-1684), Countess of Sunderland, a beautiful woman who was praised by the poet E. Waller as "Sacharissa." He participated in the Puritan Revolution as a member of the Parliamentary army and was wounded at the Battle of Marston Moor. He was a member of the House of Commons in 1646, commander of the Irish cavalry in 1647, and governor of Dover from 1648 to 1650. He was elected to the Council of State in 1652, but resigned in opposition to the Protectorate government that was established the following year. When the Protectorate collapsed in 1659, he became a member of the Council of State again, and traveled to Denmark as an ambassador while he was still in the continent when the monarchy was restored. He returned to England in 1677. It is said that he received a pension from Louis XIV, King of France at that time. He held views close to republicanism, and after the flight of the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, he became one of the leaders of the Whig Party. However, in 1883, he was tried by G. Jeffreys on suspicion of involvement in the Rye House Affair, and was beheaded for treason due to insufficient evidence.

Sydney
Sydney

A city on the northeast coast of Cape Briton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. Founded in 1783 as a refuge for New Englanders (Royalists) who opposed independence from the United States, it was the capital of Cape Briton until it was annexed to Nova Scotia in 1820. The population increased with immigration from the Scottish Highlands in the early 18th century, and further developed with the ironworks and coal mining that began in the 19th century. It is one of the four major ironworks in Canada, and together with Glace Bay and New Waterford, it forms the Sydney Industrial Area. It is the eastern starting point of the transcontinental Canadian National Railway. Population 26,063 (1991).

Sydney
Sidney, Sir Henry

Born: July 20, 1529. London?
[Died] May 5, 1586. Ludlow, Shropshire. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Born to a gentry family, he served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for three years from 1556 under his brother-in-law, the Earl of Sussex. In 1565, he succeeded his brother-in-law as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In 1567, he succeeded S. O'Neill, the greatest Gaelic chieftain, through a scheme. He was dismissed in 1571, but was reappointed in 1575, but incurred resentment for his arbitrary imposition of taxes, and was dismissed in 1578.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

オーストラリア南東部，ニューサウスウェールズ州の州都。州東岸に位置し，オーストラリア最古・最大の都市で，メルボルンと並ぶ経済，文化の中心。ポートジャクソン湾南岸の都心部を中心に南はボタニー湾南岸およびリバプール，キャンベルタウン，西はパラマッタを経てブルーマウンテンズ山麓のペンリス，北はホークスベリー川にかけて広がる。1788年にイギリスの軍人アーサー・フィリップによってオーストラリア最初の流刑入植地として建設され，オーストラリアの歩みとともに発展。ニューサウスウェールズ州の人口，商業，金融，工業などが著しく集中し，人口は州の約 60%，工業生産額は大半を占め，機械，繊維，食品加工のほか，近年は石油精製が重要。都心部には官庁や企業のオフィス，商店街が集中し，シドニー・オペラハウスをはじめ植物園，博物館，美術館，図書館などの文化施設や，1840年代建造の教会，酒場をはじめ多くの歴史的建造物や総督公邸，中央郵便局，市庁舎，州議会議事堂などがある。オーストラリアで最古・最大のシドニー大学（1850）など二つの大学やボンダイビーチも近い。湾の北側はハーバーブリッジや連絡船で都心部とつながり，タロンガ動物園，大学，マンリービーチのほか住宅地が広がる。南のボタニー湾岸には国際空港，重化学工業地区があり，湾口にはジェームズ・クック上陸記念碑がある。都市圏面積 1万2406km²。市域面積 26.7km²。都市圏人口 442万9034。市域人口 16万9501（2011）。

シドニー
Sidney， Sir Philip

[生]1554.11.30. ケント，ペンズハースト
[没]1586.10.17. アルネム
イギリスの軍人，政治家，詩人，批評家。名門の出身でエリザベス1世の寵臣。オックスフォード大学に学び (1568～71) ，F.グレビルや W.カムデンと交遊。大陸各地を旅行 (72～75) 。帰国の翌年エセックス伯ウォルター・ドゥブルーの知遇を得，その娘ピネロピー (ソネットの「ステラ」) を知った。 1578年文学者グループ「アレオパガス」に加わって E.スペンサーと親交を結び，この頃から「ステラ」にあてたソネットを書きはじめ，81年頃には妹のペンブルック伯夫人のために小説『アーケイディア』 Arcadia (90刊) を書きはじめた。 83年フランセス・ウォルシンガムと結婚。 85年フリシンゲン (オランダ) の総督となり，翌年ズトフェン救援軍に志願，9月 22日致命傷を受けた。瀕死の兵士に自分の水を与えた話は有名で，当時の紳士の理想像，騎士道精神の典型として敬慕された。その死は全国民から惜しまれ，スペンサー作の『アストロフェル』をはじめ 200編に上る哀歌が捧げられた。著書は2編の詩を除いてすべて死後出版。作品に，上記のソネット連作『アストロフェルとステラ』 Astrophel and Stella (91盗版，98正式出版) ，『詩の弁護』 (95，An Apologie for Poetrieと The Defence of Poesieの2版で出版) など。

シドニー
Sidney， Algernon

[生]1622. ケント，ペンズハースト宮
[没]1683.12.7. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家。レスター伯ロバート・シドニーの孫。詩人 E.ウォラーに「サカリッサ」 Sacharissaとうたわれた美女ドロシー (サンダーランド伯妃〈1617～84〉) の弟。清教徒革命に議会軍として参加し，マーストンムーアの戦いで負傷した。 1646年下院議員，47年アイルランド騎兵軍司令官，48～50年ドーバー総督。 52年国務会議の委員に選ばれたが，翌年成立の護国卿政権に反対して辞任。 59年護国卿体制崩壊時に再び国務会議委員となり，大使としてデンマークにおもむいたまま王政復古を迎え，大陸に残留。 77年帰国。当時フランス王ルイ 14世から年金を受けたともいわれる。共和主義に近い思想をもち，シャフツベリー伯 (初代) の逃亡後，ホイッグ党指導者の一人になったが，83年ライ・ハウス事件に加担したとの疑いで G.ジェフリズに裁かれ，証拠不十分のまま反逆罪で斬首された。

シドニー
Sydney

カナダ，ノバスコシア州ケープブリトン島北東岸にある都市。 1783年，アメリカ合衆国の独立に反対したニューイングランドの人々 (王党派) の避難地として建設され，1820年ノバスコシアに合併されるまでケープブリトンの首都であった。 18世紀初めスコットランド高地地方からの移民で人口が増加し，さらに 19世紀から始った製鉄業および石炭採掘で一層発展した。カナダの四大製鉄業地の一つで，グレースベイ，ニューウォーターフォードとともにシドニー工業地帯を形成している。大陸横断のカナダ国有鉄道の東の起点。人口2万 6063 (1991) 。

シドニー
Sidney， Sir Henry

[生]1529.7.20. ロンドン?
[没]1586.5.5. シュロップシャー，ルドロー
イギリスのアイルランド総督。ジェントリーの家系に生れ，1556年より3年間義兄サセックス (伯)のもとでアイルランドの大蔵副総裁。 65年義兄の後任としてアイルランド総督に就任。 67年策略によりゲール最大の族長 S.オニール打倒に成功。 71年解任されたのち，75年再任されたが，勝手な課税強制で恨みを買い，78年解職された。

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