Demobilization - Demobilization

Japanese: 復員 - ふくいん（英語表記）demobilization

Used in contrast to mobilization, it refers to returning the army, navy, and air force units under wartime organization to a peacetime organization at the end of a war or incident. Completion of demobilization refers to returning to a peacetime system, such as the demobilization of reserve and reserve servicemen, lifting requisitions, and closing special wartime institutions. On a national scale, it includes converting the military industry to peaceful uses and measures to combat unemployment. In Japan, formal demobilization only took place during the series of wars and incidents from the Sino-Japanese War to the Shandong Expedition, while demobilization and mobilization were mixed during long-term irregular wars such as the Manchurian Incident and the Second Sino-Japanese War. After Japan's defeat in World War II, seven million army and navy troops were demobilized, but in the confusion, demobilization procedures were not carried out accurately.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

動員に対比して使用し，戦争または事変の終結に際し，戦時編制下の陸・海・空軍部隊を平和編制に復すること。復員完結とは，予・後備役軍人の召集解除，徴発解除，戦時特設機関の閉鎖など，平時体制に復することをいう。国家的規模では軍需産業の平和利用への転換，失業対策などを含む。日本で正式の復員が行われたのは，日清戦争から山東出兵までの一連の戦争，事変だけで，満州事変や日中戦争など長期にわたる不正規戦争では，復員と動員が混在していた。また第2次世界大戦の敗戦によって，700万人に上る陸海軍部隊の復員が行われたが，混乱のなかで正確な復員業務は行われなかった。

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