This is a special purpose tax levied by prefectures on the purchaser of an automobile (excluding special-purpose automobiles, small two-wheeled automobiles, and light two-wheeled automobiles) to cover road-related expenses for prefectures and municipalities (including special wards). It was established in 1968. Until then, local road-related financial resources included the local road grant tax, petroleum gas grant tax, and diesel collection tax, but the distribution of road-related financial resources between the national and local governments was biased toward the national government, and no road-related financial resources were distributed at all to municipalities other than designated cities. This was thought to be one of the causes of the significant delay in the development of local roads, especially municipal roads, and this tax was established primarily for the purpose of distributing road development financial resources to municipalities (later, the automobile weight grant tax was established in 1971, and from 1976, part of the local road tax revenue was also granted to municipalities, thereby enhancing municipal road-related financial resources). The automobile acquisition tax is imposed on the purchaser of an automobile, based on the fact that the purchaser is able to bear the tax, but also taking into consideration the close relationship between the use of automobiles and damage to roads, all tax revenues are used for the costs of road maintenance. The tax base is the purchase price of the automobile. The tax rate is a flat 3%, but for private automobiles other than light automobiles, it is provisionally set at 5%. The tax exemption point is 150,000 yen. The automobile acquisition tax is collected as a prefectural tax, but for taxation purposes, an amount calculated as follows is paid to municipalities. This is called the automobile acquisition tax grant. (1) Prefectures shall pay to municipalities an amount equivalent to 70% of 95% of the automobile acquisition tax amount (5% being the collection fee), divided proportionately according to the length and area of municipal roads. (2) A prefecture that includes a government ordinance-designated city shall pay to the government ordinance-designated city an amount equivalent to 30% of 95% of the amount of the automobile acquisition tax, divided proportionately in proportion to the length and area of national highways and prefectural roads in the government ordinance-designated city compared to the length and area of national highways and prefectural roads in the prefecture. [Takeshi Okawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
都道府県および市町村(特別区を含む)の道路に関する費用にあてるため、都道府県が、自動車(特殊自動車、二輪の小型自動車および二輪の軽自動車を除く)の取得に対し、その取得者に課する目的税。1968年(昭和43)に創設された。それまで、地方の道路目的財源としては地方道路譲与税、石油ガス譲与税および軽油引取税があったが、道路目的財源の国・地方公共団体間の配分は国に偏っており、また、政令指定都市を除く市町村に対しては道路目的財源がまったく配分されていなかった。このことが、地方道、とくに市町村道の整備を著しく遅れさせている原因の一つと考えられ、主として市町村に道路整備財源を配分する目的で、この税が設けられることになった(その後、1971年に自動車重量譲与税が創設され、76年から地方道路税収入の一部が市町村にも譲与されることになり、市町村の道路目的財源の充実が図られた)。 自動車取得税は、自動車の取得の事実に担税力をみいだして、その取得者に課する税であるが、また自動車の使用と道路の損傷との間に密接な関連があることにも着目して、税収入はすべて道路整備に要する費用にあてられる。課税標準は自動車の取得価格である。税率は3%の一定税率であるが、暫定的に自家用の自動車で軽自動車以外のものに対しては5%となっている。免税点は15万円である。 自動車取得税は都道府県税として徴収されるが、その課税目的から、次のようにして算定された額が市町村に交付される。これを自動車取得税交付金とよぶ。 (1)都道府県は、市町村に対し、自動車取得税額の95%(5%は徴収費相当額)の7割に相当する額を、市町村道の延長および面積に案分して交付する。 (2)政令指定都市を包含する道府県は、自動車取得税額の95%の3割に相当する額を、その道府県内の国道および道府県道の延長および面積に対する政令指定都市内の国道および道府県道の延長および面積の割合で案分した額を、さらに加算して、政令指定都市に交付する。 [大川 武] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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