The unemployment rate that exists in a long-term equilibrium state where the expected inflation rate and the actual inflation rate match, and the adjustment of labor supply and demand through real wages is achieved. It was proposed by M. Friedman. The level of the natural rate of unemployment is determined by the structural and institutional conditions of the goods market and labor market, that is, market imperfections, stochastic fluctuations in supply and demand, information gathering costs, and mobility costs. This natural rate of unemployment is a concept close to the unemployment rate at full employment proposed by JM Keynes. Friedman also assumed a Phillips curve corrected by expectations, and stated that the long-term Phillips curve, in the sense that expectations and the actual rate of price increase match, is vertical, and that no matter what fiscal and monetary policies are adopted, it is possible to temporarily reduce the unemployment rate below the natural rate of unemployment, but in the long term it is impossible to make it fall below the natural rate of unemployment, and ultimately only inflation will occur. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
期待インフレ率と現実のインフレ率が一致し,実質賃金による労働力需給の調整が達成されるような長期均衡状態において成立する失業率。 M.フリードマンによって提唱された。自然失業率の水準は,財市場,労働市場の構造的・制度的条件,つまり市場の不完全性,需給の確率的変動,情報収集コスト,移動コストなどによって規定される。この自然失業率は J.M.ケインズの完全雇用における失業率に近い概念といえる。またフリードマンはフィリップス曲線について,期待で修正されたフィリップス曲線を想定し,期待と現実の物価上昇率が一致するという意味での長期のフィリップス曲線は垂直であり,どのような財政金融政策がとられたとしても,失業率を一時的に自然失業率以下に低下させることは可能であるが,長期的には自然失業率を下回ることはできず,最終的にはインフレのみが生じるとしている。
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