Naturalism

Japanese: 自然主義 - しぜんしゅぎ
Naturalism
In the broadest sense, this is a position that considers the natural world to be the only self-sufficient reality, and that everything, including human mental phenomena, is governed by its laws. Generally, it is a translation of the French term naturalisme, and refers to a literary movement that emerged in France in the late 19th century. Representatives include Zola, who placed importance on factors such as genetics and the environment, and attempted to explain reality using positivist and natural science methods, as well as Maupassant, the Goncourt brothers, and Daudet. It emerged as an extension of realism against the backdrop of the progress of natural science and the Industrial Revolution, and was influenced by the works of Darwin and Bernard, as well as positivist thought, and sometimes attempted to depict ugly reality. Zola's Discourse on the Experimental Novel and the collection of stories by six authors, Evenings at Medan (1880), can be said to represent this philosophy. Naturalism can be found in novels and plays from various countries, but in Japan, Zola's theory was introduced around 1890, and Shimazaki Toson's Breaking Commandments (1906) was called a naturalist work. Tayama Katai and other writers from Waseda Bungaku followed suit, but their style was characterized by their emphasis on confessing one's inner thoughts as they were. This may be due to the difference in the original meaning of the Western word "nature" and the Japanese word "shizen." Japanese naturalism as a movement quickly declined, but it had a major influence on the birth of I-novel and state-of-mind novels.
→ Related topics Aho|Vita Sexualis|Ito Shinkichi|Countryside Teacher|Iwano Homei|O'Neill|A Woman's Life|Katagami Shin|Emotions (magazine)|Modern Drama|Kunikida Doppo|Senbun Itchi|Confessions|Goto Chugai|Sato Koroku|Shimamura Hogetsu|Epitomize (literature)|Shincho|New Romanticism|Sudermann|Soma Gofu|Taiyo|Tanaka Oudou|D'Annunzio|Tokuda Shūsei|Hauptmann|Breaking the Commandments|Hasegawa Tenkei|Barbusse|Barbet d'Orby|Flaubert|The World of Literature|Beck|Bennett|Verismo|Pontopidan|Masamune Hakuchō|Mayama Seika|Moore|Morita Sohei|Huysmans|Rougon-Macquart|Rostand|Rodin|Wakayama Bokusui|Waseda School

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
最広義に自然的世界を自足した唯一の実在と考え,人間の精神現象を含めてすべてのものがその法則によって支配されているとする立場。一般には,フランス語naturalismeの訳として,19世紀後半のフランスに現れた文学運動をさす。遺伝や環境などの要素を重視し,現実を実証主義的,自然科学的方法で解明しようと試みたゾラを代表に,モーパッサン,ゴンクール兄弟,ドーデらの名があげられる。自然科学の進歩や産業革命の進行を時代背景として〈写実主義〉の延長上に現れ,ダーウィン,ベルナールらの著作や,実証主義思想の影響を受け,ときに醜悪な現実を描こうとした。ゾラの《実験小説論》や,6作家の小説集《メダンの夕べ》(1880年)はその理念を示すものといえる。自然主義は各国の小説,戯曲にもみられるが,日本では,1890年ごろゾラの理論が紹介され,島崎藤村の《破戒》(1906年)が自然主義作品と呼ばれた。田山花袋や《早稲田文学》の作家らがこれに続いたが,自己の内面をありのままに告白することに主眼が置かれた点に特色がある。これは西欧語の〈nature〉と日本語の〈自然〉との本来的な意味のずれによるものとも考えられる。日本の自然主義は運動としては急速に衰えたが,私小説や心境小説の誕生に大きな影響を与えた。
→関連項目アホ|ヰタ・セクスアリス|伊藤信吉|田舎教師|岩野泡鳴|オニール|女の一生|片上伸|感情(雑誌)|近代劇|国木田独歩|言文一致|告白録|後藤宙外|佐藤紅緑|島村抱月|縮図(文学)|新潮|新ロマン主義|ズーダーマン|相馬御風|太陽|田中王堂|ダンヌンツィオ|徳田秋声|ハウプトマン|破戒|長谷川天渓|バルビュス|バルベー・ドールビイ|フローベール|文章世界|ベック|ベネット|ベリズモ|ポントピダン|正宗白鳥|真山青果|ムーア|森田草平|ユイスマンス|ルーゴン・マッカール|ロスタン|ロダン|若山牧水|早稲田派

出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報

<<:  Advance preparation - Preparing

>>:  Natural unemployment rate

Recommend

Ruhrstück (English spelling)

...But tragic catastrophes were always avoided in...

Cell fusion

The phenomenon in which two or more cells combine...

Spheniscus humboldti (English spelling) Spheniscushumboldti

… [Hiroyuki Morioka]. … *Some of the terminology ...

Sports Information Science

[Concept/Definition] Sports informatics is a new ...

Carcharhinus dussumieri (English spelling) Carcharhinusdussumieri

…Shark [Toru Taniuchi]. . . *Some of the terminol...

secretary

...In Latin, the word scriba, which comes from th...

Weather proverbs - Tenkirigen

[Things related to the weather and agriculture] R...

harp lute

...The restored instrument is the one that is pop...

Inoue Dosetsu

1646-1720 * A Go player from the early to mid-Edo...

dialektiketechne (English spelling)

…Dialectics is originally a word that means the a...

The Theory of Zen and National Protection - Kouzengokokuron

A Buddhist book from the Kamakura period. Three v...

Isobana (Island Flower) - Isobana (English spelling) Melithaea flabellifera

A coelenterate (cnidaria) of the family Isobenthoz...

SLOC - Sloc

"sea lane of communication" A sea route ...

Oh Admirable - Oh Admirable

...It is made by dissolving 3-5% of citron-based ...

Algebraic equations

An equation with unknowns x, y, z, etc. is f(x,y,...