Earthquake prediction - jishinyochi

Japanese: 地震予知 - じしんよち

To predict the location, time, and size of an earthquake, and to use this information to prepare for earthquake disasters. To find precursory phenomena related to earthquake occurrence, and to learn about these anomalies through continuous observations, and to use them in prediction. The main method is to predict areas where a large earthquake is likely to occur geologically by studying anomalies in crustal movements, the rise and fall of seismic activity in the area, active faults, active folds, etc. In addition, methods of studying changes in geomagnetism, earth currents, and changes in seismic wave speed are also being studied. In Japan, in 1969, the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan established the Earthquake Prediction Coordination Committee based on a recommendation from the Geodesy Council of the Ministry of Education, and it compiles and analyzes observation data obtained from each ministry and university, and designates specific observation areas and areas for strengthened observation. In addition, based on the 1995 Act on Special Measures for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, the Earthquake Research Promotion Headquarters was established in the Prime Minister's Office, and the administrative aspects of earthquake prediction are now handled by the Earthquake Research Committee of the headquarters. In 2001, with the reorganization of the central government, the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion was transferred from the Prime Minister's Office to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. In the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in March 2011, the Great Tohoku Pacific Ocean Earthquake caused an unforeseen massive earthquake and tsunami, and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident became the worst nuclear accident in history. As a result, the accuracy of earthquake prediction in Japan and the elucidation of the mechanism of tsunami generation have become urgent issues in terms of disaster prevention measures.
→ Related topic Earthquake archaeology

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

地震発生の場所，時期，大きさを予測し，震災対策に役だてること。地震発生に関係していてそれの前兆現象を見つけ，連続観測によってそれらの異状を知り予知に利用しようとする。主要な方法は，地殻変動の異状，その地域の地震活動の消長，活断層，活褶曲(しゅうきょく)などを調べ地質学的に大地震発生の可能性のあるところを予想することである。また，地磁気，地電流の変化を調べたり，地震波速度の変化を調べたりする方法も研究されている。日本では1969年，文部省測地学審議会の建議により地震予知連絡会が国土地理院に設けられ，各省庁，大学から得た観測データをまとめ，分析，特定観測地域や観測強化地域などを指定している。なお，1995年の〈地震防災対策特別措置法〉にもとづき総理府に地震調査研究推進本部が設置され，地震予知の行政面は同本部の地震調査委員会が担当することになった。2001年，中央省庁再編にともない，地震調査研究推進本部は，総理府から文部科学省に移管された。2011年３月に起こった，東北地方太平洋沖大地震による東日本大震災で，予知されていなかった巨大地震と大津波の発生が現実のものとなり，さらに福島第一原発の大事故が史上最悪レベルの原発事故となったことで，日本の地震予知の精度と津波発生のメカニズムの解明が，防災対策上喫緊の課題となっている。
→関連項目地震考古学

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