Librarians are staff engaged in specialized library work. In 1906 (Meiji 39), Article 6 of the Library Order was amended to state that "public libraries may have a director librarian and a secretary," and librarians were specified in law for the first time. In 1933 (Showa 8), the law was amended to state that "libraries must have a director and an equivalent number of librarians and secretaries," and in 1937, the first librarian certification exam was held. The Library Law of 1950 (Showa 25) stipulates that librarians are engaged in specialized library work, and assistant librarians assist librarians in their duties. Of the 14,070 public library staff members nationwide, 7,028 are full-time librarians and assistant librarians (2006). QualificationsThe qualifications for becoming a librarian are: (1) a graduate of a university or a technical college who has completed a librarian training course conducted by a university at the request of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; (2) a university graduate who has taken library-related courses at the university; and (3) a person who has worked as an assistant librarian for three years or more and completed a librarian training course. An assistant librarian is (1) a person who has a librarian qualification, or (2) a high school graduate or a person who has completed the third year of a technical college and has completed a training course for assistant librarians conducted by a university at the request of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Job DescriptionIt is divided into three areas: (1) general affairs (library management and operation), (2) organization (selection and collection of library materials, acceptance and distribution, classification, cataloging, and shelving), and (3) service (viewing and lending of materials, reference services, mobile library, children's services, etc.). In carrying out their duties, library staff must keep in mind the following: protecting the library's freedom to collect and provide materials, making a constant effort to understand the materials, having the knowledge and skills to meet the diverse needs of users, not discriminating against users, and protecting their confidentiality. School libraries must have a teacher librarian to handle specialized duties (Article 5 of the School Library Law). According to a 1999 Ministry of Education (now the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) School Basic Survey, there were only 574 people nationwide who had been officially appointed by the Board of Education as a teacher librarian. However, the Law Partially Amending the School Library Law (1997) made it mandatory for schools with 12 or more classes to have a teacher librarian from 2003, and the number of teacher librarians increased to 23,134 (2006). [Motegi Yukio] Dictionary of Library Terms, edited by the Library Issues Study Group (1982, Kadokawa Shoten) ▽ School Libraries in the Internet Era: An Introduction to Information for Librarians and Teacher-Librarian Teachers, supervised by Nemoto Akira, edited by Horikawa Teruyo and Nakamura Yuriko (2003, Tokyo Denki University Press) ▽ The Future of School Libraries and the Role of School Librarians: Toward Promoting Their Placement and Legislation (2005), edited and published by the National School Library Council ▽ The Work of School Librarians: Connecting People and the Media, edited and published by the National School Library Council (2006) [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
図書館の専門的事務に従事する職員。1906年(明治39)、「公立図書館ニ館長司書及書記ヲ置クコトヲ得」と「図書館令」第6条が改正され、司書が法令上、初めて明記された。1933年(昭和8)の改正で、「図書館ニハ館長並ニ相当員数ノ司書及書記ヲ置クベシ」と規定され、そして37年、第1回司書検定試験が行われた。1950年(昭和25)の「図書館法」では、司書は図書館の専門的事務に従事する、司書補は司書の職務を助ける、と規定されている。全国の公共図書館職員数1万4070人のうち、専任の司書・司書補は7028人である(2006)。 資格司書となる資格は、(1)大学または高等専門学校の卒業者で、大学が文部科学大臣の委嘱を受けて行う司書の講習を修了した者、(2)大学卒業者で、大学において図書館に関する科目を履修した者、(3)3年以上司書補として勤務し、司書の講習を修了した者、となっている。 司書補は、(1)司書の資格を有する者、(2)高等学校卒業者または高等専門学校第3学年修了者で、大学が文部科学大臣の委嘱を受けて行う司書補の講習を修了した者である。 職務内容(1)総務(図書館の管理、運営)、(2)整理(図書館資料の選択・収集、受入れ・払出し、分類、目録作成、配架)、(3)奉仕(資料の閲覧・貸出し、レファレンス、移動図書館、児童奉仕など)の三つに分けられる。 その職務を遂行するうえで、留意すべきことは、図書館の資料収集・資料提供の自由を守り、資料を理解する努力をつねに怠らず、利用者の多様な要求にこたえられる知識・技能をもち、利用者を差別せず、その秘密を守ることなどである。 学校図書館には、専門的職務をつかさどらせるため、司書教諭を置かなければならない(学校図書館法5条)。1999年の文部省(現文部科学省)の学校基本調査によれば、司書教諭として教育委員会から正式に発令されている者は全国で574人にすぎなかったが、「学校図書館法の一部を改正する法律」(1997)により、2003年より12学級以上の規模の学校には司書教諭を置くことが義務づけられたため、司書教諭は2万3134人(2006)に増加した。 [茂木幸雄] 『図書館問題研究会編『図書館用語辞典』(1982・角川書店)』▽『根本彰監修・堀川照代・中村百合子編著『インターネット時代の学校図書館――司書・司書教諭のための「情報」入門』(2003・東京電機大学出版局)』▽『全国学校図書館協議会編・刊『これからの学校図書館と学校司書の役割――配置促進と法制化に向けて』(2005)』▽『全国学校図書館協議会編・刊『人とメディアをつなぐ学校司書のしごと』(2006)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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