Polish soldier and politician. He was active in organizations that aimed for Polish independence even before World War I, and joined J. Piłsudski's "Polish Legion" when the war broke out. He played an active role as a military commander during the Polish-Soviet War after independence. He subsequently held important positions such as Chief of Staff, Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, and Minister of Defense, but after the May 1926 coup, he opposed the Piłsudski regime and moved to Paris. When World War II began, he organized the Polish army in France and became the head of the government in exile. After the German army occupied France, he moved the government in exile to London and led the Polish people's fight against Germany there. When the German-Soviet War began in July 1941, he restored diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and signed a mutual assistance treaty, but he was unable to prevent the deterioration of relations between the two countries after the Katyn Forest incident (an incident in which many Polish officers were said to have been massacred by the Soviet authorities). He died in a plane crash near Gibraltar in July 1943. [Ichiro Abe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ポーランドの軍人、政治家。第一次世界大戦以前からポーランド独立を目ざす組織で活動し、大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)とともに、J・ピウスツキの「ポーランド軍団」に参加した。独立後のポーランド・ソビエト戦争では、軍司令官として活躍した。その後、参謀本部長、首相、内務相、国防相などの要職を歴任したが、1926年の五月クーデター後は、ピウスツキ体制に反対し、パリに移住した。第二次大戦が始まると、フランスでポーランド軍を編成し、亡命政府の首班となった。ドイツ軍のフランス占領後は、亡命政府をロンドンに移して、同地でポーランド人の対独戦を指導した。41年7月独ソ戦が開始されると、ソ連との国交回復を実現させ、相互援助条約などに署名したが、カティンの森事件(多数のポーランド人将校がソ連当局によって虐殺されたといわれた事件)以後の両国の関係悪化を防ぐことはできなかった。43年7月、ジブラルタル付近の飛行機事故で死亡した。 [安部一郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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