It is also called topaz or yellow jade. It often forms oblique columnar crystals, with well-developed striations parallel to the column direction. It is often transparent, but becomes cloudy when it breaks down. It produces beautiful crystals in cavities in granitic pegmatites, along with quartz, feldspar, and mica. In Japan, the Naegi region of Gifu Prefecture and Mt. Tagami in Shiga Prefecture have been famous since the Meiji period. However, it has not been used much as a gemstone because there are few dark-colored ones. It is found in many places around the world, including Brazil. Other examples include crystals found in pneumatic veins and voids in rhyolite. It also occurs as a cluster of fine crystals in altered material or clay in the host rock of hydrothermal deposits. Citrine topaz is quartz that has been heat-treated to look like yellow topaz. Oriental topaz is yellow sapphire. Its English name comes from the Greek word Topazion, which is the name of an island in the Red Sea. It is the birthstone for November. [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | | | | | | | [Additional information] |On the right is blue topaz ©Central Gem Laboratory "> Topaz Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
黄玉(おうぎょく)あるいはトパズともいう。斜方柱状の結晶をなすことが多く、柱の方向に平行な条線がよく発達する。透明のことが多いが、分解すると白濁する。花崗(かこう)岩質ペグマタイト中の晶洞に、石英、長石、雲母(うんも)などを伴い美しい結晶を産する。日本では岐阜県苗木地方と滋賀県田上山(たのかみやま)のものが明治時代から有名。ただ濃色のものが少ないため宝石として利用されることはあまりなかった。ブラジルをはじめ世界的に産地は多い。ほかに、気成鉱脈、流紋岩の空隙(くうげき)中に結晶を産する例がある。また熱水鉱床の母岩の変質物や粘土中に微細な結晶の塊状集合として産する。なお、シトリン・トパーズというのは水晶を熱処理して黄色のトパーズにみせかけたものである。またオリエンタル・トパーズというのは黄色のサファイアのことである。英名はギリシア語のTopazionから由来するが、これは紅海にある島の名前である。11月の誕生石となっている。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |右はブルートパーズ©中央宝石研究所"> トパーズ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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