Responsibility - Responsibility

Japanese: 責任 - せきにん
Responsibility - Responsibility

When a human action is free and the cause of the action lies with the actor, the actor is held legally or morally responsible for the action and its results. Therefore, when an action is forced from the outside, or when an action is performed by a child or a mentally deranged person, the actor is not usually held responsible because the cause is not within the actor's free decision. Between these two extremes, there are various stages regarding the extent to which an action can be held responsible. Responsibility ethics emphasizes the results of an action rather than its intention, and is opposed to sentimental ethics, which emphasizes the goodness of the intention. Sartre also emphasized that the free creation of existence is accompanied by responsibility. Responsibility is called responsibility in English and Verantwortung in German, and both originally mean to be responsible for responding to others, but from the perspective that the original relationship between humans is "I and you," responsibility is essentially my response to you.

[Yoshiaki Utsunomiya]

Examples of uses that include the word responsibility include political responsibility and legal responsibility (criminal responsibility and civil responsibility), for which please refer to the respective entries.

[Editorial Department]

[Reference items] | Criminal liability | Political liability | Civil liability

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人間の行為が自由な行為であり、その行為の原因が行為者にある場合に、その行為ならびに行為の結果に関して、法的または道徳的な責任が行為者に帰せられる。したがって、外部から強制された行為や、幼児や精神錯乱者の行為に関しては、その原因が行為者の自由な決定のうちにはないとして、責任が問われないのが普通である。そしてこの二極の間に、行為の責任をどこまで問いうるかに関して、さまざまな段階が考えられる。行為に関して、その意図よりも結果を重視するのが責任倫理であって、意図の善(よ)さに重きを置く心情倫理に対立する。サルトルも実存の自由な創造には責任が伴うことを強調した。また責任は英語ではリスポンシビリティresponsibility、ドイツ語ではフェルアントボルトゥングVerantwortungで、いずれも他人に応答する責めを負うことを原義とするが、人間の本来的関係を「我(われ)と汝(なんじ)」に置く見方からは、責任は本来、汝に対する我の応答であるとされる。

[宇都宮芳明]

 なお、責任の語がつく用例としては、政治的責任、法律的責任(刑事責任・民事責任)があり、これについては各項目を参照されたい。

[編集部]

[参照項目] | 刑事責任 | 政治的責任 | 民事責任

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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