Peking University - Peking University

A comprehensive university located in the northwest of Beijing, the capital of China. Its predecessor was the University of Beijing, founded in 1898 at the end of the Qing Dynasty. With the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912, it was renamed Peking University, and the thinker Yan Fu was appointed as its first president. When Cai Yuanpei was appointed president in 1917, the university became the center of the New Culture Movement and played a major role in the May Fourth Movement of 1919. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China (1949), the university was reorganized in 1952, and the academic departments were adjusted with those of Yenching University and Tsinghua University, becoming a comprehensive university of the arts and sciences. The length of study was shortened immediately after the Cultural Revolution, but later it became a four-year undergraduate program, and a two- to three-year graduate program for masters and two- to three-year doctorates. Since 1977, admissions have been based on a nationally standardized entrance examination.

In the 1990s, the university underwent major organizational reforms, and as of 1999 it has been reorganized into 14 schools (faculties) and 21 departments (divisions): Mathematics, Life Sciences, Molecular Chemistry, Marxism, International Relations, Economics, Business Administration, Law, Foreign Languages, Adult Education, Basic Medical Sciences, Pharmacy, Public Health, and Nursing. Graduate schools are available in all fields, and there are 45 research institutes, 68 research centers, and 15 national key laboratories. There are approximately 2,500 faculty members and 24,000 students.

[Toru Magose]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の首都北京北西部にある総合大学。清(しん)朝末期1898年設立の京師(けいし)大学堂が前身。1912年中華民国の成立に伴い北京大学校と改称され、初代校長に思想家厳復(げんふく／ヤンフー)が就任した。1917年蔡元培(さいげんばい／ツァイユエンペイ)が校長に就任するに及び大学は新文化運動の中心となり、1919年の五・四運動の主要な担い手となった。中華人民共和国成立（1949）後は、1952年の大学再編成により、燕京(えんきょう)大学、清華(せいか)大学との間で学系の調整が行われ、文理系の総合大学となった。文化大革命直後は修業年限が短縮されたが、その後、学部4年、大学院（研究生院）は碩士(せきし)2～3年、博士2～3年制となる。1977年以後、入学者の選抜は全国統一入試による。

　1990年代に大幅な機構改革が行われ、1999年現在、数学、生命科学、分子化学、マルクス主義、国際関係、経済、経営管理、法学、外国語、成人教育、基礎医学、薬学、公衆衛生学、看護学の14学院（学部）、21学系（学科）に再編されている。大学院はすべての分野に設置されており、研究所45、研究センター68、国家重点研究室15がある。教員数約2500人、学生数約2万4000人。

［馬越　徹］

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