One of the rules that regulate scientific thinking or theories. Also known as the "law of parsimony." It is formulated as the goal of science being to "describe the facts as completely as possible with the least expenditure of thought" (Mach). Its origins date back to the medieval "Occam's razor." At the end of the 19th century, Mach and Avenarius made it a basic principle of empiricism, and it became widespread and was passed on to logical positivism. In modern philosophy of science, it is often referred to as the "principle of simplicity" of theories. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
科学的思考ないしは理論を規制する準則の一つ。〈節減の法則〉とも呼ばれる。科学の目標は〈最小の思考の出費で事実をできるだけ完全に記述する〉(マッハ)ことにある,と定式化される。その源流は中世の〈オッカムの剃刀(かみそり)〉にさかのぼる。19世紀末にマッハおよびアベナリウスが,これを経験批判論の基本原則としたところから一般に広まり,論理実証主義に引き継がれた。現代の科学哲学では,理論の〈単純性の原理〉として言及されることが多い。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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