A type of polymerization method. In this method, water-insoluble monomers such as vinyl monomers and diene monomers are dispersed in a large amount of water in the presence of an emulsifier, and a water-soluble polymerization initiator is used to carry out the polymerization. The monomers become oil droplets, which are surrounded by an activator, mainly an anionic or nonionic activator, creating a stable emulsion. The polymerization is initiated from micelles in water by a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator. The reaction conditions are also relatively mild. Its characteristics are that the viscosity of the system is low due to the presence of a large amount of water, and it is easy to remove the heat generated by polymerization, and the particle size is small, about 0.05 to 0.2 micrometers, and since it is protected by an activator and becomes latex, it does not stick to each other. It can be used as a paint or fiber treatment agent as it is, and it can also be coagulated to produce a normal polymer. Its disadvantages are that it contains inorganic impurities such as activators, initiators, and fragments of coagulants, which are said to impair the electrical properties, thermal stability, and transparency of plastics. [Hiroshi Kakiuchi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
重合法の一種。多量の水中にビニルモノマーとかジエンモノマーのような水に難溶性のモノマー(単量体)を乳化剤の存在で分散させ、水溶性の重合開始剤を用いて行う重合法である。モノマーは油滴状になり、その周囲を活性剤、主としてアニオン性または非イオン性活性剤が取り囲み、安定な乳化状態になっている。重合は水溶性のラジカル重合開始剤によって水中のミセルから開始していく。反応条件も比較的穏和である。その特徴は、多量の水が存在するために系の粘度が低く、重合による発熱の除去が容易であり、粒子径が小さく0.05ないし0.2マイクロメートル程度で、活性剤で保護されてラテックスになっているために相互に粘着することがない。ラテックスのまま塗料、繊維処理剤として使用できるし、また凝固させて通常のポリマー(重合体)をつくることも可能である。欠点として活性剤や開始剤、凝固剤の破片など無機系の不純物を含み、プラスチックとしての電気的性質や熱安定性、透明性を損なうといわれている。 [垣内 弘] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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