A perennial plant of the legume family (APG classification: Fabaceae), it is said to be the oldest cultivated forage crop. The name alfalfa comes from the Persian word meaning "best grass," and is used in America and Japan, but in Europe it is called lucerne. It is native to Central Asia, where it was cultivated since ancient times, and was introduced to Greece in the 5th century BC from Persia, where it spread along the Mediterranean coast. It was introduced to Japan at the end of the Edo period, but did not spread widely, and in the early Meiji period, a variety introduced from America as pasture grass became established mainly in Hokkaido. The stem is upright, reaches a height of 0.5 to 1 meter, and has many branches. The leaves are compound leaves consisting of three leaflets, and have thin lanceolate stipules at the base of the petiole. In summer, flower stalks grow from the upper leaf axils, and bear several to about 20 butterfly-shaped flowers. Alfalfa is broadly divided into three species, with flower colors differing depending on the species. Purple alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., which is common in warm regions, produces purple flowers. M. sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang. ( M. falcata L.) produces yellow flowers and is also known as yellow-flowered alfalfa; it is resistant to the cold and well suited to Hokkaido. In addition to these, about 16 other species, including M. polymorpha L. and M. lupulina L., have been naturalized and established in Japan. All of these species have roots that grow several meters deep, are drought-resistant, and prefer sunny, well-drained soil. It is mainly used as hay, pasture and silage, but is rich in protein, minerals and vitamins and has high feeding value. The newly sprouted ones are called alfalfa sprouts and are eaten as fresh vegetables. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika October 18, 2019] ©Shogakukan "> Alfalfa sprouts Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
マメ科(APG分類:マメ科)の多年草で、栽培された最古の飼料作物といわれる。アルファルファの名はペルシア語の「最良の草」を意味することばからきており、アメリカや日本ではこの名を使うが、ヨーロッパではルサーン(lucerne)とよぶ。原産地は中央アジアで、古くから栽培されていたペルシアから紀元前5世紀にギリシアに伝わり、地中海沿岸に広まった。日本には江戸時代末期に渡来したがほとんど広まらず、明治時代初期に牧草として、アメリカから導入した品種が北海道を中心に定着した。茎は直立し、高さ0.5~1メートルに達し、多くの分枝がある。葉は3枚の小葉からなる複葉で、葉柄の基部に細い披針(ひしん)形の托葉(たくよう)がある。夏に、上部の葉腋(ようえき)から花柄が伸び、数個から20個ほどの蝶形花(ちょうけいか)をつける。 アルファルファは大きく3種に大別されるが、種により花色も異なる。暖かい地方に多いムラサキウマゴヤシMedicago sativa L.は紫色の花をつける。コガネウマゴヤシM. sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.(M. falcata L.)は黄色の花をつけ、黄花種アルファルファともよばれ、寒さに強く北海道に適している。日本には、この他、ウマゴヤシM. polymorpha L.やコメツブウマゴヤシM. lupulina L.など全16種ほどが帰化し、定着している。いずれも根は数メートルの深さにまで伸び、乾燥に強く、日当りと水はけのよい土地を好む。 おもに乾草として、また放牧草、サイレージとして利用されるが、タンパク質やミネラル、ビタミン類が豊富で飼料価値が高い。芽生えたばかりのものをアルファルファもやしとよび、生鮮野菜として食用にされる。 [星川清親 2019年10月18日] ©Shogakukan"> アルファルファもやし 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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