Lars Valerian Ahlfors

Japanese: アールフォルス - あーるふぉるす(英語表記)Lars Valerian Ahlfors
Lars Valerian Ahlfors

American mathematician. Born in Helsinki, Finland. He studied at the University of Helsinki and was influenced by Ernst L. Lindelöf (1870-1946) and Rolf Nevanlinna (1895-1980), masters of function theory. He attracted worldwide attention from a young age for his work on the geometric interpretation of characteristic functions of meromorphic functions and the solution of the d'Anjou conjecture for polynomials. In 1935, he developed a profound theory that generalized Nevanlinna's theory of value distribution of meromorphic functions in his paper "Theory of Überlagerungsfläche" (covering surfaces), for which he received the first Fields Medal the following year in 1936. After serving as a professor at his alma mater and the University of Zurich, he became a professor at Harvard University in the United States in 1946, where he contributed to the field of function theory, topology, and algebraic geometry through systematic research on quasiconformal mappings and Teichmuller space theory, centered on Riemann surface theory. He also made pioneering and fundamental contributions to the modern study of Kleinian groups (an extension of the group of linear transformations that represents Riemann surfaces; classical research by Klein, Poincaré and others has been carried out). In his later years, he pursued research into the higher dimensions of Kleinian groups. He was a member of the Academic Academy in the United States, Sweden and his own country, and a professor emeritus at Harvard University. His publications include specialist books such as Riemann Surfaces (1960), co-authored with L. Sario (1916-2009), Lectures on Quasiconformal Mappings (1966), and Conformal Invariants (1973), as well as the famous introductory book on function theory, Complex analysis (translated by Inukichi Kasahara, 1982, Gendai Suugakusha).

[Kusunoki Yukio]

[Reference] | Riemannian geometry

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの数学者。フィンランドのヘルシンキに生まれる。ヘルシンキ大学で学び、関数論の巨匠リンデレフErnst L. Lindelöf(1870―1946)およびネバンリンナRolf Nevanlinna(1895―1980)の影響を受けた。有理型関数の特性関数の幾何学的解釈や整関数に関するダンジョア予想の解決などの仕事で、若いときから世界的に注目を浴びた。1935年、『被覆面Überlagerungsflächeの理論』という論文でネバンリンナの有理型関数の値分布理論を一般化した深遠な理論を展開、これによって翌1936年第1回のフィールズ賞を受賞した。母校およびチューリヒ大学教授を経て、1946年からアメリカ、ハーバード大学教授となり、リーマン面論を中心に擬等角写像やタイヒミュラー空間論の組織的研究によって、この関数論、位相幾何、代数幾何にまたがる分野に貢献した。クライン群(リーマン面を表現する一次変換群の拡張であり、クラインやポアンカレらの古典的研究がある)の近代的研究にも先駆的かつ基本的な業績がある。晩年はクライン群の高次元化の研究を進めた。アメリカ、スウェーデンおよび母国の学士院会員、ハーバード大学名誉教授であった。著書はサリオL. Sario(1916―2009)との共著『リーマン面』(1960)、『擬等角写像講義』(1966)、『等角不変量』(1973)などの専門書のほかに、関数論の有名な入門書『複素解析』Complex analysis(笠原乾吉訳・1982・現代数学社)がある。

[楠 幸男]

[参照項目] | リーマン幾何学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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