In emergency situations, temporary hemostasis can be achieved by applying pressure to the bleeding area with a finger, bandage, or gauze. In the case of arterial bleeding in the limbs, briefly binding the central part of the area is also effective. In minor injuries, this alone may be sufficient to stop the bleeding permanently, but if this is insufficient, surgical hemostasis is required. The damaged blood vessel is located and clamped with a hemostat, and the bleeding is stopped by ligating with thread or by electrocoagulation. In the case of large, important blood vessels, the damaged area is repaired by suturing. Bleeding from solid organs is generally difficult to stop, and sometimes gelatin sponge, muscle slices, or gauze soaked in a hemostatic agent are applied locally to stop the bleeding. When there is a systemic tendency to hemorrhage, systemic therapy such as blood transfusion is also important. Systemic administration of hemostatic agents may also be effective. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
救急の場合の一時的止血法としては,出血局所を指や包帯,ガーゼなどで圧迫する。四肢の動脈性の出血ではその中枢側を短時間緊縛する方法もよい。軽い傷の場合はこれだけで永久に止血できが,不十分な場合には手術的に止血を確実に行う必要がある。損傷血管を見つけて止血鉗子(かんし)ではさみ,糸で結紮(けっさつ)するか電気凝固により止血する。太い重要血管では損傷部を縫合修復する。実質臓器からの出血は一般に止血しにくく,ときにはゼラチンスポンジ,筋肉切片,止血剤に浸したガーゼなどを局所に当てて止血する。全身的に出血性素因のあるときは輸血などによる全身的な療法も大切である。また止血薬の全身的投与も有効なことがある。
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