Cotton fabric made in the Kawachi region (Minamikawachi and Kitakawachi in Osaka Prefecture). From the early Edo period, cotton was cultivated as a side job for farmers and woven by hand, and Kawachi cotton and Kuboji cotton can already be seen as products in the Nihon Kanoko (1691). The thread was thick and the soil was thick, so it was highly valued for curtains and banners, happi coats, yukata fabric, futon fabric, tabi outers, and sake bags. It was originally white cotton, but as wholesale organizations were established in various places and it was commercialized, striped and stencil-dyed fabrics began to be woven. It is said that the output of Kawachi Province during the Tenpo period (1830-1844) was more than 2 million bolts. However, in the Meiji period, foreign cotton thread was imported and Western-style spinning was transplanted, causing the industry to gradually decline. Hand-woven cotton disappeared in the mid-Meiji period, but now small and medium-sized factories that use machine-spun yarn have taken over the tradition and continue to weave cotton. [Kadoyama Yukihiro] “Kawachi Momen History” by Yoshito Takebe (1981, Yoshikawa Kobunkan) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
河内(大阪府南河内・北河内)地方でつくられた木綿織物。江戸初期から農家の副業として綿を栽培し、手織りで織っており、すでに産物として『日本鹿子(かのこ)』(1691)に河内木綿・久宝寺木綿がみえる。糸は太く地質が厚かったことから、のれんや幟(のぼり)、はっぴ、浴衣(ゆかた)地、ふとん地、足袋(たび)表、酒袋などに重宝されたという。もともと白木綿であったが、各地に問屋組織が生まれ、商品化されるにつれて、縞(しま)物、型染めしたものも織り出されるようになった。そして天保(てんぽう)年間(1830~44)の河内国の織出し高は200万反以上にもなったといわれる。ところが明治時代になると、外国の木綿糸が輸入される一方、洋式紡績業が移植されて、しだいに衰える。明治中期には手織り木綿は消滅し、現在は機械紡績糸による中小企業の工場がそれを受け継ぎ、木綿を織り続けている。 [角山幸洋] 『武部善人著『河内木綿史』(1981・吉川弘文館)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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