One of the most common cycloalkanes. Also called hexamethylene and hexahydrobenzene. A colorless, flammable liquid. It has the smell of benzine. It is produced by isomerizing methylpentane in naphtha. High-purity cyclohexane is produced by hydrogenating benzene at high temperature and pressure using nickel as a catalyst. The structure of cyclohexane is not a planar regular hexagon, but a chair conformation in which the total of the bond angle distortion between carbons, the torsional distortion, and the distortion due to van der Waals forces between hydrogen atoms is minimal. When cyclohexane is oxidized with air in the liquid phase, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone are produced. Also, when nitrosyl chloride is irradiated with light in cyclohexane, cyclohexanone oxime is produced. Caprolactam is derived from this to produce nylon. Up to 90% of the industrial uses of cyclohexane are used for the production of nylon. It is also used as a solvent for oil and fat extraction, resins, paints, etc. [Mukai Toshio] [References] | | | [Supplementary information] |In addition to the chair conformation, the unstable boat conformation, which is 23.4 kJ per mole, is present at a ratio of 1 in 10,000. The inversion between chair conformation I and II through the boat conformation is also a characteristic of the cyclohexane structure . Conformation and inversion of cyclohexane. Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
もっとも代表的なシクロアルカンの一つ。ヘキサメチレン、ヘキサヒドロベンゼンともよばれる。無色可燃性の液体。ベンジンのにおいをもつ。ナフサ中のメチルペンタンを異性化させると生成する。高純度のシクロヘキサンはニッケルを触媒として高温・加圧下、ベンゼンを水素添加して製造する。シクロヘキサンの構造は平面正六角形でなく、炭素間の結合角のひずみ、ねじれのひずみ、水素間のファン・デル・ワールス力によるひずみの総計が最小である椅子(いす)形配座をとる。シクロヘキサンを液相空気酸化すると、シクロヘキサノールとシクロヘキサノンが生成する。またシクロヘキサン中で塩化ニトロシルを光照射すると、シクロヘキサノンのオキシムが生ずる。これからカプロラクタムを導きナイロンが製造される。シクロヘキサンの工業的用途の9割までがナイロンの製造にあてられる。ほかに油脂抽出、樹脂、塗料など溶媒としての用途がある。 [向井利夫] [参照項目] | | | [補完資料] |椅子形配座とは別に、1モル当り23.4キロジュールだけ不安定な舟形配座が1万分の1の割合で混在する。舟形を通して椅子型ⅠとⅡの間で反転するのもシクロヘキサンの構造の特徴である©Shogakukan"> シクロヘキサンの配座と反転 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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