Sir Harold Jeffreys

Japanese: ジェフリーズ - じぇふりーず(英語表記)Sir Harold Jeffreys
Sir Harold Jeffreys

British astronomer and geophysicist. Born in Durham, he studied at Armstrong College and Cambridge University. After working at the Meteorological Observatory, he transferred to Cambridge in 1922, where he served as professor of astronomy from 1946 to 1958. He is known for his work on Jeans' tidal theory of the origin of the solar system and his estimation of the age of the solar system, as well as his work on the heat balance of the Earth, which takes into account the heat generated by radioactive elements, and his research on the latitude change of the Earth. He is particularly known for his research with Keith Edward Bullen (1906-1976) on the travel-time curves of seismic waves and the distribution of seismic wave velocities in the Earth's interior, and the standard travel-time tables in his papers are often used to determine the source of earthquakes. He has written over 300 research papers, and his main work, The Earth (1924), is still in print today. He was a consistent opponent of Wegener's continental drift theory.

[Yoshii Toshiaki]

[References] | Seismic waves | Earthquake source | Jeans | Continental drift theory

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの天文学者、地球物理学者。ダーラム州に生まれ、アームストロング・カレッジとケンブリッジ大学に学ぶ。気象台に勤務後、1922年にケンブリッジ大学に転じ、1946年から1958年まで天文学の教授を務めた。天文学の分野の、ジーンズによる太陽系起源についての潮汐(ちょうせき)説の展開、太陽系の年齢の推定などのほか、地球物理学の分野の、放射性元素の発熱を考慮した地球の熱収支論、地球の緯度変化の研究などが知られている。とくに、ブレンKeith Edward Bullen(1906―1976)との共同による地震波の走時曲線とそれに基づく地球内部の地震波速度分布の研究は名高く、論文中の標準走時表はしばしば震源決定に用いられる。広範な研究論文は300以上に及び、主著の『地球』(1924)は現在も版を重ねている。ウェゲナーの大陸移動説には反対の態度を貫いた。

[吉井敏尅]

[参照項目] | 地震波 | 震源 | ジーンズ | 大陸移動説

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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