Cyanamide - Shianamido (English spelling) cyanamide

Japanese: シアナミド - しあなみど(英語表記)cyanamide
Cyanamide - Shianamido (English spelling) cyanamide

It is an amide of cyanide, also known as cyanamide. It can be obtained by the reaction of ammonia with cyanogen chloride (CNCl), calcium cyanamide (the main component of calcium cyanide) CaCN2 with acetic acid, or thiourea with mercury(II) oxide. It is a deliquescent colorless needle crystal. It is easily soluble in water, ethanol (ethyl alcohol), and ether. It is tautomerized with the following carbodiimides. Its aqueous solution is weakly acidic and stable.

NCNH2HN =C=NH
It forms salts with acids, and in sodium hydroxide solution produces the compound NaHCN2 . It is hydrolyzed to urea in strong acid and strong alkaline aqueous solutions. It reacts with hydrogen sulfide in weak alkaline solutions to produce thiourea, and with ammonium salts to produce guanidine salts. Representative examples of metal cyanamides M I 2 CN 2 include calcium cyanamide and sodium cyanamide Na 2 CN 2. It easily polymerizes to the dimer dicyandiimide NC.NHC(NH 2 )=NH, and when heated to 150°C it changes to the trimer melamine C 3 H 6 N 6. It is an irritant and can cause inflammation on contact with moist skin.

[Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara]

[Supplementary Material] | Cyanamide (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

シアンのアミド化物で、シアンアミドともいう。アンモニアとクロロシアンCNClとの反応、カルシウムシアナミド(石灰窒素の主成分)CaCN2と酢酸との反応、チオ尿素と酸化水銀(Ⅱ)との反応などによって得られる。潮解性の無色針状晶。水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルによく溶ける。次のようなカルボジイミドとの互変異性がある。水溶液は弱酸性で安定。

  NCNH2HN=C=NH
酸とは塩をつくり、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液ではNaHCN2なる化合物を生じる。強酸および強アルカリ性水溶液で尿素に加水分解する。硫化水素とは弱アルカリ性で反応してチオ尿素に、アンモニウム塩とはグアニジンの塩になる。金属シアナミドMI2CN2の代表的なものにカルシウムシアナミド、ナトリウムシアナミドNa2CN2がある。二量体のジシアンジイミドNC・NHC(NH2)=NHに重合しやすく、150℃に熱すると三量体のメラミンC3H6N6に変化する。刺激性で湿った皮膚に触れると炎症をおこす。

[守永健一・中原勝儼]

[補完資料] | シアナミド(データノート)

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