A temperament calculation method used in ancient China. It is the same in principle as the calculation of Pythagoras in ancient Greece, but in ancient China it was used to make temperament tubes, not strings. To make a temperament tube of a certain height that is a perfect fifth higher, one can make a tube that is equal to the original length by removing one third of the tube's length, which is called sanbun shin ichi. To make a temperament tube of a certain height that is a perfect fourth lower, one can add one third of the tube's length to make a tube that is four-thirds the length, which is called sanbun shin ichi. Sanbun shin ichi involves determining a standard tube, and then repeating the process of sanbun shin ichi and sanbun shin ichi to make new tubes one after another. Since this calculation is for a pure fifth, no matter how many times it is repeated, it is impossible to obtain a tube that sounds an octave higher than the original temperament tube. For this reason, Jing Fang of the Han dynasty had already calculated up to 60 temperaments, and Qian Lezhi of the Six Dynasties calculated up to 360 temperaments. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代中国で行われた音律計算法。古代ギリシアのピタゴラスの計算と原理的には同一であるが,古代中国では弦でなく律管をつくるための計算であった。ある高さの律管より完全5度高いものをつくるためには,その管の長さの3分の1を取除いたものに等しい管をつくればよく,これを三分損一という。また,ある律管より完全4度低いものをつくるためには,その管の長さの3分の1を加え,3分の4の管をつくればよく,これを三分益一という。三分損益というのは,ある基準の管を定めて,そこから三分損一と三分益一とを繰返して,次々に新しい管をつくるというものである。この計算は純正5度を求めるものであるから,何回繰返しても,もとの律管とオクターブ関係の音になる管は得られない。そのためにすでに漢代の京房は 60律までの算定を行い,六朝時代の銭楽之は 360律まで算出している。
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