The viceroys who ruled the Indies for 300 years were mostly hardworking, capable, loyal, and obedient men, and, with a few exceptions, they generally carried out the policies of the royal family without rebelling against their monarchs. Among the great viceroys who were considered to be the greatest were Mendoza, Velasco, Antonio María Bucarelli y Ursúa (in power 1771-79), Juan Vicente Güemes Pacheco de Padilla (in power 1789-94), Count of Revillagigedo (in power 1791-94), and Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro (in power 1667-72), Count of Toledo and Lemos (in power 1671-72), and Amato (in power 1673-74). From the perspective of Spanish America, however, the judicial, legislative, and executive powers, which all had their own inherent powers as part of the political administration, were not separated from one another, but were exercised simultaneously by the Viceroy and the Audiencia. This resulted in the disadvantage that the separation of powers, a basic premise of the modern state structure, did not take root easily after independence. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Bucarelli y Ursúa, AM" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…300年間インディアスを統治した副王の大半は勤勉かつ有能,忠実かつ従順な人々で,わずかな例外を除くと,おしなべて君主に反旗をひるがえすことなく王室の政策を忠実に遂行した。とりわけ偉大な副王と評価されたのは,ヌエバ・エスパニャではメンドサ,ベラスコのほか,ブカレリAntonio María Bucarelli y Ursúa(在任1771‐79)とレビヤヒヘド伯グエメス・パチェコ・デ・パディリャJuan Vicente Güemes Pacheco de Padilla(在任1789‐94),ペルーではトレド,レモス伯フェルナンデス・デ・カストロPedro Antonio Fernández de Castro(在任1667‐72),アマトである。しかし,イスパノアメリカ側に立つと,政治行政の一端となる固有の権限をもった司法権,立法権,行政権が三権分立という形ではなく,副王のみならずアウディエンシアによっても同時に行使された結果,独立以後,権力の分立という近代国家機構の基本的前提がなかなか定着しないという弊害をもたらした。… ※「Bucarelli y Ursúa,A.M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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