Sanjonishi Sanetaka - Sanjonishi Sanetaka

A nobleman and scholar in the late Muromachi period. The Sanjonishi family was a branch of the Ogimachi Sanjo family. His father was Kinyasu, and his mother was the elder sister of Kanroji Chikanaga. In 1460 (Kansho 1), he became the head of the Sanjonishi family at the age of 6 after Kinyasu's death. He was 13 when the Onin War broke out in 1467 (Onin 1), and Sanetaka and his mother took refuge in the temple of Kurama-dera, where his mother died of illness. He served four successive emperors, Gohanazono, Gotsuchimikado, Gokashiwabara, and Gonara, and was especially trusted by Emperor Gokashiwabara, who appointed him Minister of the Interior in 1506 (Eisho 3). Since 1508, when Yoshitane Ashikaga became Shogun, Sanetaka supported Yoshitane's government and acted as a liaison between the Imperial Court and the Shogunate. For this reason, from 1509 to 1512, Sanetaka received visits from Yoshitane's vassals, Yoshioki Ouchi and Takakuni Hosokawa, every New Year. In 1516, he became a monk at Rozan-ji Temple and adopted the Buddhist names Gyoku and Shoyo-in. In 1520, when Takakuni lost a fight with Sumimoto over the family headship and fled to Omi, his relationship with Takakuni, which had been close until then, weakened. When he encountered further discord between Takakuni and Shogun Yoshitane, Sanetaka's disappointment in samurai society led him to rapidly lose interest in real politics and return to his previous life of learning and literature.

Sanetaka, along with Ichijo Kaneyoshi and his son Fuyura, was highly renowned for his academic and poetic talents. He received the Kokinshu teachings from Iio Sogi, and was an authority on the Tale of Genji and the Tales of Ise. He was also known as one of the leading calligraphers of his time, and wrote calligraphy at the request of local lords and others. His calligraphy, along with support from the wealthy merchant Takeno Jōō, was a source of income that supported the poor Sanjō-nishi family's finances. His books include Eika Taigaishō and Genji Monogatari Sasoryūshō, the Shozokushō about court nobility, the diary Sanetaka Koki, the poetry anthologies Setsugyokushū and Chosetsushū, and the poetry diary Saishōsō.

[Takayoshi Arai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

室町後期の公卿(くぎょう)、学者。三条西家は正親町(おおぎまち)三条家の庶流。父は公保(きんやす)、母は甘露寺親長(かんろじちかなが)の姉。1460年（寛正1）公保の死没により6歳で三条西家の当主となる。応仁(おうにん)の乱が起こった1467年（応仁1）は13歳のときで、実隆と母は鞍馬寺(くらまでら)の坊に難を避け、母はそこで病没する。後花園(ごはなぞの)、後土御門(ごつちみかど)、後柏原(ごかしわばら)、後奈良(ごなら)の4代にわたる天皇に仕え、とくに後柏原天皇の信任厚く、1506年（永正3）に内大臣に任ぜられる。足利義稙(あしかがよしたね)が将軍職についた1508年から、実隆は義稙政権を支持し、朝廷と幕府のパイプ役を務める。このため1509年から1512年まで、毎年の正月に義稙臣下の大内義興(よしおき)や細川高国(たかくに)の来賀を受けている。1516年廬山寺(ろざんじ)において落飾し、法名堯空(ぎょうくう)、逍遙院(しょうよういん)と号する。1520年に至って、高国が家督をめぐる澄元(すみもと)との抗争に敗れ近江(おうみ)へ敗走すると、それまで親しくしていた高国との関係が薄れ、さらに高国と将軍義稙との不和に遭遇すると、武家社会に対する失望から実隆の現実政治への関心は急速に冷却していき、以前からの学問・文芸の生活に立ち戻っていった。

　実隆は一条兼良(いちじょうかねら)やその子冬良(ふゆら)とともに学才・歌才の誉れ高く、飯尾宗祇(いいおそうぎ)から古今伝授を受けたほか、『源氏物語』『伊勢(いせ)物語』の権威であった。また当代一流の能書家としても知られ、地方大名などの求めに応じ揮毫(きごう)した。彼の書は富商武野紹鴎(たけのじょうおう)からの援助とともに、貧しい三条西家の経済を支える収入源でもあった。著書に『詠歌大概抄(たいがいしょう)』『源氏物語細流抄』、有職(ゆうそく)に関する『装束抄』、日記に『実隆公記』、歌集に『雪玉集(せつぎょくしゅう)』『聴雪集(ちょうせつしゅう)』、歌日記に『再昌草(さいしょうそう)』などがある。

［新井孝重］

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