Kameyama Castle

Japanese: 亀山城 - かめやまじょう

A castle built in the Hirayama style in Kameyama City, Mie Prefecture. It is a prefectural cultural property (Tamon Yagura ). During the Edo period, the castle was the location of the Kameyama Domain ( Ise Province). Gamou Ujisato, who built Matsusaka Castle (Matsusaka City) and moved his castle from Matsugashima Castle and relocated the castle town, was transferred to Aizu in 1590 (Tensho 18) by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. As a result , Okamoto Yoshikatsu, who served Oda Nobunaga, Nobutaka, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was appointed to Kameyama. Kameyama has long been known as a post town on the Tokaido Road and as a key transportation point in northern Ise, and was home to Wakayama Castle (also known as Kameyama Old Castle, Kameyama City), built by the Seki clan, but Yoshikatsu built a new Kameyama Castle and moved his castle from Wakayama Castle. Later, Yoshikatsu fought in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 (Keicho 5) on the Western side (Toyotomi side), but surrendered to the Eastern side (Tokugawa side) and committed suicide, so Seki Kazumasa became the first lord of Ise Kameyama Domain. In 1611 (Keicho 16), Kazumasa was transferred to Kurosaka, Hoki with a fief of 50,000 koku, and Matsudaira (Okudaira) Tadaaki was transferred from Uri Castle (also known as Tsukude Castle, Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture) in Mikawa with a fief of 50,000 koku, and it later became a Tenryo (territory directly controlled by the shogunate). The Ise Kameyama Domain was soon revived, but after a rapid change in castle lords from the Miyake, Honda, Ishikawa, and Itakura clans, Ishikawa Fusayoshi was appointed to the fief in 1744 ( Enkyo 1), and the Ishikawa clan continued to rule the castle for generations until the Meiji Restoration. There are many castles throughout Japan that call themselves Kameyama Castle. For this reason, in the early Edo period, when Tadaharu Horio was ordered to demolish the castle tower of Tanba Kameyama Castle, he made a mistake and the castle tower was demolished. In 1636 (Kan'ei 13), when the castle lord Toshitsugu Honda carried out major renovations, Tamon-yagura was built on the castle tower base, which had lost its tower. During the Edo period, Kameyama Castle also served as a lodging for the shogun who went to Kyoto. The main castle was used as the lodging, and Ieyasu, Hidetada, Iemitsu, and others used it as their lodging. For this reason, the feudal lord lived in Ninomaru. In 1873 (Meiji 6), most of the structures were demolished under the castle abolition order, but the Tamon-yagura on the castle tower base remains. This tower is the only surviving castle structure in Mie Prefecture and is a prefectural cultural asset. In addition, remains of moats, stone walls, and other structures remain at the castle ruins. A part of the stone wall of the castle tower base collapsed due to the Mie Chubu earthquake that occurred on April 15, 2007 (Heisei 19), but the collapsed area was a repaired area from a typhoon in 1972 (Showa 47), and the stone wall built by the Anō-shu ( Anō-shu ) around the beginning of the Edo period was not damaged at all. The entrance to the Ninomaru Palace was moved and remains as the main hall of Henjō-ji Temple in the same city. Furthermore, the foundation stone of Ishizaka Gate, which was discovered during excavation in the surrounding area, was moved to the front of the History Museum. It is a 10-15 minute walk from Kameyama Station on the JR Kansai Main Line and Kisei Main Line. ◇It is also called Kocho Castle. There are more than 10 Kameyama Castles in Japan, including other names, so it is sometimes called Ise Kameyama Castle to distinguish it from these.

Kameyama Castle (Aichi Prefecture)

This mountain castle from the Muromachi to Sengoku period was located in Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture (formerly Tsukude Village, Minamishitara County). It was the castle of the Okudaira clan, one of the local lords of Oku-Mikawa, known as the Yamaya Sanposhu during the Sengoku period. It was built on a hill about 20m above sea level in the southeastern part of the Tsukude Basin, in the mountainous area in the northeastern part of the prefecture. During the Tenju era (1375-1380), Okudaira Sadatoshi moved from Okudaira-go, Kanra County, Kozuke Province, to the Tsukude region, and initially made Kawajiri Castle his castle, but in 1424 (Oei 31) he built Kameyama Castle and moved there. Thereafter, it became the castle of the Tsukude Okudaira clan. During the Sengoku period, the Sakute Okudaira clan, whose headquarters was the castle, was one of the powerful Yamaga Sanposhu in eastern Mikawa, and survived by being subordinate to the Imagawa clan of Suruga and Totomi, the Matsudaira clan ( later the Tokugawa clan) of Mikawa, and the Oda clan of Owari. During the Genki era (1570-1573), when the Kai Takeda clan's invasion of Mikawa became more active, the castle's lord, Okudaira Sadamasa (Nobumasa), sided with the Takeda clan, and Kameyama Castle became the Takeda clan's base of operations in Mikawa. However, Sadamasa left the Takeda clan in 1573 (Tensho 1) and became a vassal of Tokugawa Ieyasu, defeating the Takeda forces at Furumiya Castle (Shinshiro City), and later Ieyasu appointed Sadamasa as the lord of Nagashino Castle (Shinshiro City). Kameyama Castle was no longer a major castle, but it continued to exist, and in 1602 (Keicho 7) after the Battle of Sekigahara, Matsudaira Tadaaki, Nobumasa's fourth son, was given a fief of 17,000 koku and entered the castle, which became the base of governance for the Sakute region. However, in 1610 (Keicho 15), Tadaaki was transferred to Ise Province (present-day Mie Prefecture) and moved to Kameyama Castle (Kameyama City, Mie Prefecture), and the castle was abandoned around the Genna era (1615-1623). The castle ruins are now a park and forest. The area near the top of the castle mountain has been developed into a park, and the remains of earthworks, kuruwa ( borders ), dry moats, and other structures scattered from the park to the forest on the mountainside are in relatively good condition, and the layout of the land at that time remains. Near the castle ruins, there is an area believed to have been the residences of the Okudaira clan, and along the Okazaki Kaido road below the castle, there are also remains of rectangular land divisions. From JR Iida Line Shinshiro Station, take the Toyotetsu Bus bound for Takasato and get off at Kiyotake, then it is about a 5-minute walk from there. ◇It is also known as Sakute Castle.

Kameyama Castle (Kyoto Prefecture)

Hirayama Castle ( Hirayama-jo Castle ) was located in Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture. It was the castle where the Kameyama Domain (Tamba Province) was located during the Edo Period. Around 1577 (Tensho 5), Akechi Mitsuhide, who had conquered Tanba Province, built the castle on the site of a medieval fort as a base for governing the province. In 1582 (Tensho 10), Mitsuhide instigated the Honno-ji Incident, attacking his lord, Oda Nobunaga, at Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto, but shortly thereafter he was defeated by Hashiba Hideyoshi (later Toyotomi Hideyoshi) in the Battle of Yamazaki and was killed on the way to his castle, Sakamoto Castle (Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture). After that, Kameyama Castle became one of Hideyoshi's important bases when he unified the country, and members of his clan, including Hashiba Hidekatsu (Nobunaga's son), Toyotomi Hidekatsu (Hideyoshi's nephew), and Toyotomi Hidetoshi (Kobayakawa Hideaki), entered the castle. During the Edo period, Tokugawa Ieyasu also considered this castle important, and in 1609 (Keicho 14), he appointed Nagamori Oka, a fudai daimyo, as the lord of Tanba Kameyama Domain and had him enter the castle, and ordered the daimyo of the western provinces to carry out major repairs to Kameyama Castle through a national construction project. At this time, Todo Takatora, who had worked on many modern castles, laid out the boundaries, and the castle was completed the following year in 1610 (Keicho 15) with a five-story castle tower. In 1748 (Kan'en 1), the Katahara Matsudaira clan entered the castle, and it became their residence until the Meiji Restoration. In 1877 (Meiji 10), the Meiji government decided to abandon Kameyama Castle, and the buildings within the castle were sold to municipalities. The castle ruins were left abandoned and in ruins, but in 1919 (Taisho 8), the religious corporation Omoto purchased it and it remains to this day. Remains of the castle tower base, stone walls, moats, and earthworks remain at the castle ruins, but alterations are underway. The Shin-Gotenmon Gate (Nagayamon Gate) was relocated to the Chiyokawa Municipal Elementary School and remains to this day. It is about a 10-minute walk from Kameoka Station on the JR Sagano Line. However, the castle ruins are located on the grounds of the religious corporation Omoto, and permission is required to visit. ◇It is also called Kameoka Castle or Kameho Castle.

Source: Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles Information

Japanese:

三重県亀山市にあった梯郭式の平山城(ひらやまじろ)。同県文化財（多聞櫓(たもんやぐら)）。江戸時代には亀山藩〈伊勢国〉の藩庁が置かれた城。松阪城（松阪市）を築いて松ヶ島城から居城を移し、城下町を移転させた蒲生氏郷(がもううじさと)は1590年（天正18）、豊臣秀吉の仕置きにより会津に転封された。それにともない、織田信長・信孝、豊臣秀吉に仕えた岡本良勝が亀山に入封した。古くから東海道の宿場町として、また北伊勢の交通の要衝として知られた亀山には、関氏が築いた若山城（亀山古城とも、亀山市）があったが、良勝は新たに亀山城を築き、若山城から居城を移した。その後、良勝は1600年（慶長5）の関ヶ原の戦いで西軍（豊臣方）として参戦して東軍（徳川方）に降伏して自刃したことから、関一政が初代の伊勢亀山藩主として入封した。1611年（慶長16）、一政は伯耆黒坂5万石に転封となり、松平（奥平）忠明が三河の宇利城（作手(つくで)城とも。愛知県新城市）から5万石で入封、その後天領（幕府直轄領）となった。間もなく伊勢亀山藩は復活するが、三宅氏、本多氏、石川氏、板倉氏と城主（藩主）が目まぐるしく変わったのち、1744年（延享1）に石川総慶(ふさよし)が入封し、以降、石川氏が代々城主として明治維新を迎えた。全国に亀山城を名乗る城は多い。このため、江戸時代初頭に丹波亀山城の天守を解体するよう命じられた堀尾忠晴の間違いにより、天守を取り壊されるという事故が起こっている。1636年（寛永13）、城主の本多俊次により大改修が行われた際に、天守を失った天守台に多聞櫓が築かれた。また、江戸時代には亀山城は上洛する将軍の宿所の役割を果たす城でもあった。宿所には本丸が当てられ、家康、秀忠、家光などが本丸を宿所として利用した。このため、藩主は二の丸を居館としていた。1873年（明治6）の廃城令により、ほとんどの構造物が取り壊されたが、天守台の多聞櫓が現存している。この櫓は三重県で唯一現存する城郭建造物として、同県文化財となっている。このほか、城跡には堀や石垣などの遺構が残っている。2007年（平成19）4月15日に発生した三重県中部地震により天守台の石垣の一部が崩落したが、この崩落箇所は1972年（昭和47）の台風被害の補修箇所で、江戸時代初めごろに穴太衆(あのうしゅう)によって築かれた石垣部分にはいっさい被害はなかった。また、二の丸御殿の玄関が同市内の遍照寺の本堂として移築され現存している。さらに、周辺の発掘で発見された石坂門の根石が歴史博物館前に移設されている。JR関西本線・紀勢本線亀山駅から徒歩10～15分。◇粉蝶(こちょう)城ともよばれる。別名を含めると、亀山城は全国に10以上あるため、これらと区別するため伊勢亀山城とよばれることもある。

かめやまじょう【亀山城〈愛知県〉】

愛知県新城(しんしろ)市（旧南設楽郡作手(つくで)村）にあった室町～戦国時代の山城(やまじろ)。戦国時代に山家三方衆と呼ばれていた奥三河の土豪の一人、奥平氏の居城。同県北東部の山間部、作手盆地南東部に位置する比高20mほどの丘に築かれていた。天授年間（1375～80年）に、上野国甘楽郡奥平郷から作手地方に移住した奥平貞俊は初め川尻城を居城としていたが、1424年（応永31）に亀山城を築き、居城を移した。以後、作手奥平氏の居城となった。戦国時代、同城を本拠とする作手奥平氏は東三河の有力勢力の山家三方衆の一つに数えられ、駿河・遠江(とおとうみ)の今川氏、三河の松平氏（のちの徳川氏）、尾張の織田氏などに従属して生き延びることになった。甲斐武田氏の三河侵攻が活発化した元亀年間（1570～73年）、城主の奥平貞昌（信昌）は武田氏に与したことから、亀山城は武田氏の三河侵攻の拠点となった。しかし、貞昌は1573年（天正1）に武田氏を離れて徳川家康に臣従し、古宮城（新城市）の武田勢を破り、のちに貞昌は家康により長篠城（新城市）の城主に抜擢されている。亀山城は主要な城でなくなったが、そのまま存続し、関ヶ原の戦いの後の1602年（慶長7）、信昌の四男松平忠明が1万7000石で作手に入封して同城に入城、作手地方の統治の拠点となった。しかし、忠明は1610年（慶長15）、伊勢国（現三重県）に国替えとなり、亀山城（三重県亀山市）に移ったため、城は元和年間（1615～23年）ごろに廃城となった。城跡は現在、公園や山林になっている。城山の頂上付近が公園として整備され、同公園から山腹の山林に分布する土塁や曲輪(くるわ)、空堀などの遺構の保存状態は比較的良好で、当時の縄張りを残している。城跡近くには奥平氏の屋敷群と推定されている場所もあり、城下の岡崎街道沿いには短冊形の地割跡も確認されている。JR飯田線新城駅から高里行き豊鉄バス・清岳下車後、徒歩約5分。◇作手城とも通称されている。

かめやまじょう【亀山城〈京都府〉】

京都府亀岡市にあった平山城(ひらやまじろ)。江戸時代の亀山藩〈丹波国〉の藩庁が置かれた城である。1577年（天正5）ごろ、丹波国を制圧した明智光秀が同国の統治の拠点として中世の砦跡に築いた城である。光秀は1582年（天正10）に京都の本能寺に主君の織田信長を攻める本能寺の変を起こしたが、その後、間もなく山崎の戦いで羽柴秀吉（のちの豊臣秀吉）に敗れ、居城の坂本城（滋賀県大津市）に向かう途中に討ち死にした。その後、亀山城は天下統一を果たした秀吉の重要な拠点の一つとなり、一門の羽柴秀勝（信長の子）・豊臣秀勝（秀吉の甥）・豊臣秀俊（小早川秀秋）などが入城した。江戸時代になると、徳川家康も、この城を重要視し、1609年（慶長14）に譜代大名の岡部長盛を丹波亀山藩主に任じて入城させ、西国大名に命じて、天下普請による亀山城の大修築を行った。このとき、多くの近世城郭を手がけた藤堂高虎が縄張りを行い、翌1610年（慶長15）に5重の天守を持つ城として完成した。1748年（寛延1）には形原松平氏が入城し、同氏の居城として明治維新を迎えた。1877年（明治10）、明治政府は亀山城の廃城処分を決定し、その後、城内の建物は市町村に払い下げされた。城跡は放置され荒廃していたが、1919年（大正8）に宗教法人大本が購入して現在に至っている。城跡には天守台・石垣・堀・土塁などの遺構が残っているが、改変が進んでいる。新御殿門（長屋門）は市立千代川小学校に移築され現存している。JR嵯峨野線亀岡駅から徒歩約10分。ただし、城跡は宗教法人大本の敷地内にあり、見学には許可が必要である。◇亀岡城、亀宝城ともよばれる。

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