Sansho - Sansho

Japanese: 三省 - さんしょう

The highest organ of the central government established in the Tang Dynasty of China. In ancient China, the Three Dukes were the Prime Ministers, the highest political authority. Since Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han Dynasty made use of the Secretary, the Secretary directly under the Emperor, government affairs were often carried out by the Emperor's close aides such as the Menxia Shizhong, the Zhongshu Superintendent, and the Zhongshu Ling, and by the Tang Dynasty, the three ministries of the Zhongshu Sheng, Menxia Sheng, and Shangshu Sheng became the highest organ. The Zhongshu Sheng drafted imperial edicts, the Menxia Sheng deliberated them, and the Shangshu Sheng divided the decided policies into six ministries (Civil Affairs, Household Affairs, Rites, Military Affairs, Punishment, and Works) and executed them according to their contents. The heads of the three ministries were the Zhongshu Ling (two people) for the Zhongshu, the Menxia Shizhong (two people) for the Menxia, and the Shangshu Sheng was usually vacant, with the Left Secretary and the Right Secretary in charge of three ministries each and promoting the work. These six people were the Prime Ministers. In the Song Dynasty, the Zhongshu and Menxia were merged, and the Tongping Zhangshi (Tongping Zhangshi) of Zhongshu Menxia was appointed as the Prime Minister, and the three ministries system collapsed.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中国，唐朝で確立した中央政府最高の機関。中国では古来，三公が政治の最高責任者として宰相であった。後漢の光武帝が天子直属の秘書官，尚書を重用して以来，天子側近としての門下侍中，中書監，中書令などと政務を行うことが多くなり，唐に至って中書省・門下省・尚書省の三省が最高機関となった。中書省は詔勅の起草，門下省は詔勅の審議にあたり，尚書省は決定された政策を内容によって吏・戸・礼・兵・刑・工部の六部(りくぶ)に分担執行させた。三省のそれぞれの長官は中書では中書令（２名），門下では門下侍中（２名），尚書省は普通は長官を空位として，左僕射(さぼくや)・右僕射(うぼくや)という次官が３部ずつ受け持って業務を推進させた。この６名が宰相である。宋朝に至って中書と門下が併合されて中書門下同平章事（同平章事）が任命されて宰相の任にあたったので，三省制度は崩壊した。→六部

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