Three C Policy - Sanshi Seisaku

Japanese: 三C政策 - さんしーせいさく
Three C Policy - Sanshi Seisaku

The basic policy of British imperialism from the end of the 19th century to World War I. It aimed to establish a sphere of influence in the area surrounded by three bases, named after the letter C: Cape Town in South Africa, Cairo in Egypt, and Calcutta (now Kolkata) in India. It is contrasted with Germany's Three B's policy (a Near East policy connecting Berlin, Byzantium, and Baghdad). After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the sea route from Britain to India through the Mediterranean Sea was considered the lifeline of the maritime empire, known as the "Empire Route," and the route from Cairo to Calcutta was given great importance. Furthermore, at the end of the 19th century, C. Rhodes and others proposed a trans-African railway connecting Cape Town and Cairo. In order to acquire the areas connected by these sea and land transport routes, the Fashoda incident with France occurred in Africa in 1898, and the Boer War broke out in 1899. In Asia, Russia started the Afghan War, and later came into conflict with Germany's Three Bs policy, which was centered on the Baghdad Railway.

[Mayako Ishii]

[Reference] | Three B Policy

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

19世紀末から第一次世界大戦に至るイギリスの帝国主義政策の基本路線。南アフリカのケープ・タウンCape Town、エジプトのカイロCairo、インドのカルカッタ(現コルカタ)CalcuttaのCを冠した3拠点で囲まれた地域を勢力範囲としようとするもの。ドイツの三B政策(ベルリン、ビザンティウムおよびバグダードを結ぶ近東政策)と対比される。1869年スエズ運河開通後、イギリス本国から地中海を経てインドに至る海上ルートは「エンパイア・ルート」Empire Routeとして海洋帝国の生命線とみなされ、カイロからカルカッタへのルートが重視された。さらに19世紀末には、C・ローズらによりケープ・タウンとカイロを結ぶアフリカ縦断鉄道構想が唱えられた。これらの海上、陸上の交通によって結ばれた地域を獲得するため、アフリカでは1898年フランスとのファショダ事件を招き、99年にはブーア戦争を起こした。アジアではロシアとのアフガン戦争を起こし、のちにはバグダード鉄道を軸とする前述のドイツの三B政策とも衝突した。

[石井摩耶子]

[参照項目] | 三B政策

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