Diffuse nebula

Japanese: 散光星雲 - さんこうせいうん(英語表記)diffuse nebula
Diffuse nebula

Interstellar matter consisting of gas and dust in the Milky Way Galaxy appears to glow. The name "diffuse nebula" was given to faintly visible objects (nebulae) in the days when telescopes were not very powerful. Later, the nature of nebulae was investigated by spectroscopic observations, and it was discovered that there are reflection nebulae and emission nebulae. Reflection nebulae are nebulae that glow when dust mixed with gas reflects and scatters light from nearby stars. Emission nebulae are also called H II regions (or hydrogen ionized regions), and hydrogen gas glows when heated by ultraviolet light emitted from high-temperature stars. Reflection nebulae and emission nebulae are often found in association with star-forming regions and young open clusters. Dark nebulae are often found in such places. Supernova remnants, which are the gas blown off by a supernova explosion at the end of the evolution of a massive star, may also be included in diffuse nebulae.

[Okamura Sadanori]

[References] | Nebulae | Emission nebulae | Reflection nebulae
Omega Nebula
A diffuse nebula (emission nebula) in Sagittarius. NGC6618 (M17). It is also called the Swan Nebula. Infrared image taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope ©NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Wisconsin ">

Omega Nebula

Orion Nebula
A diffuse nebula (emission nebula) in Orion. NGC1976 (M42). It looks like a bird with its wings spread. The bird's head is NGC1982 (M43). ©National Astronomical Observatory of Japan ">

Orion Nebula

California Nebula
A diffuse nebula in the constellation Perseus. NGC1499. Its viewing angle spans 140 minutes. Photographed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) © NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA ">

California Nebula

North America Nebula
A diffuse nebula in Cygnus (the large blue area on the left of the photo). NGC7000. An emission nebula near Deneb, the part that corresponds to the Gulf of Mexico is a dark nebula. The pale blue area on the right of the photo is the Pelican Nebula. A composite of infrared and visible light images taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope © NASA/JPL-Caltech ">

North America Nebula

Trifid Nebula
A diffuse nebula in Sagittarius. NGC6514 (M20). A black band (dark nebula) splits the nebula into three parts. Photographed with the Murikabushi Telescope at Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory © National Astronomical Observatory of Japan ">

Trifid Nebula

Rose Nebula
A diffuse nebula in Monoceros. NGC2237-38-39-46. It is an emission nebula shaped like a rose. At its center is the open cluster NGC2244. Photographed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) © NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA ">

Rose Nebula

Lagoon Nebula
A diffuse emission nebula in Sagittarius. NGC6523 (M8) ©National Astronomical Observatory of Japan ">

Lagoon Nebula


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

銀河系内にあるガスとダスト(塵(ちり))からなる星間物質が光って見えるもの。散光星雲という名称は、望遠鏡の性能があまりよくなかった時代に、ぼんやりと見える天体(星雲)を見かけのようすにしたがってつけたものである。のちに分光観測によって星雲の性質が調べられ、散光星雲には、反射星雲と発光星雲があることがわかった。反射星雲は、ガスに混じっているダストが近くの星からの光を反射・散乱して光っているものである。発光星雲はHⅡ領域(あるいは電離水素領域)ともよばれ、水素ガスが高温度星から放たれる紫外線で熱せられて発光しているものである。反射星雲と発光星雲は、星生成領域や若い散開星団に附随して見られることが多い。そのような場所ではしばしば暗黒星雲も見られる。大質量星の進化の最後に起こる超新星爆発で吹き飛ばされたガスが光っている超新星残骸も散光星雲に含める場合がある。

[岡村定矩]

[参照項目] | 星雲 | 発光星雲 | 反射星雲
オメガ星雲
いて座にある散光星雲(発光星雲)。NGC6618(M17)。白鳥星雲などともよばれる。スピッツァ宇宙望遠鏡による赤外線画像©NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Wisc.">

オメガ星雲

オリオン星雲
オリオン座にある散光星雲(発光星雲)。NGC1976(M42)。鳥が翼を広げたような形にみえる。鳥の頭にあたる部分がNGC1982(M43)©国立天文台">

オリオン星雲

カリフォルニア星雲
ペルセウス座にある散光星雲。NGC1499。視野角が140分に及ぶ大きさがある。広域赤外線探査衛星WISEにより撮影©NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA">

カリフォルニア星雲

北アメリカ星雲
はくちょう座にある散光星雲(写真左の大きな青色部分)。NGC7000。デネブの近くにある発光星雲で、メキシコ湾にあたる部分が暗黒星雲。写真右の淡い青色部分はペリカン星雲である。スピッツァ宇宙望遠鏡による赤外線画像と可視光画像を合成©NASA/JPL-Caltech">

北アメリカ星雲

三裂星雲
いて座にある散光星雲。NGC6514(M20)。星雲を三つに裂くように黒い帯(暗黒星雲)が走る。石垣島天文台むりかぶし望遠鏡により撮影©国立天文台">

三裂星雲

ばら星雲
いっかくじゅう座にある散光星雲。NGC2237-38-39-46。ばらの花に似た形状の発光星雲である。中心部は散開星団NGC2244。広域赤外線探査衛星WISEにより撮影©NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA">

ばら星雲

干潟星雲
いて座にある散光星雲(発光星雲)。NGC6523(M8)©国立天文台">

干潟星雲


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