The capital of Algeria in North Africa. It is the country's political, economic, academic, cultural and transportation center. Population: 1,519,570 (1998), 2,712,944 (2008 census). In Arabic, it is called al-Jazā'ir or El Djazaïr, meaning "the island." In the 10th century, an artificial island was created by connecting the islands and cape at the northwestern end of the Bay of Algiers, and a port was built inside to protect against the strong northwest winds and waves, hence the name. The city, lined with white Mediterranean-style buildings, spreads out on the slopes of the hills 150-200 meters above sea level surrounding the bay. During the Phoenician and Roman eras, it was one of the colonial cities called Icosium. A port was built in the 10th century, and in the 16th century, it became part of the Ottoman Empire. After the Governor's Office was established in Algiers, it developed as the political and economic center of Algeria. A walled city (Kasbah) was built from the port to the hillside, and in the 18th century, it had a population of 100,000. During the colonial period, the French Governor's Office was established, and European-style urban areas were formed to the east and west of the Kasbah. A railway station was built, and a modern port and industrial area were also built to the east, and the urban area expanded to El Harash in the east and up the hill. The city population was dominated by Europeans, but in 1951, the Algerian population exceeded the European population, and slums increased around the city. After World War II, the oil boom in the Sahara led to the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise apartment buildings, and French architect Le Corbusier also participated in urban planning. During the War of Independence, the French army destroyed surrounding villages, which further increased the population of the city. Around the time of Algeria's independence in 1961, Europeans, who made up 350,000 of the country's 810,000 population, almost all withdrew, and the remaining real estate was nationalized. The government aimed for socialism, and the political and economic management centers were concentrated in the capital, and factories were also located in the suburbs, which led to an explosive population growth. The population, which had fallen to 450,000 after independence, doubled to 900,000 in 1966, and reached 1.34 million in 1977. The concentration of population has caused serious problems such as a serious housing shortage, traffic congestion, parking shortages, water shortages in summer, a shortage of schools and teachers, and a large number of unemployed people. For this reason, plans are being made to disperse the population, including absorbing the population into satellite cities and relocating foreign embassies to the suburbs. National organizations are concentrated in the belt-shaped area from the foot of the Kasbah to Agha Station, making it the central business district. The bustling area runs parallel to this, from Benmehidi Larbi Street to Didouche Mourad Street. Famous places of interest include the old walled city of Kasba, known for the films "Pepermoco" and "The Battle of Algiers," the Barto Museum, the Museum of Antiquities, and the Botanical Gardens. Nearby is Phari Boumediene International Airport. [Hiroshi Fujii] World Heritage RegistrationIn 1992, the Kasbah was registered as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as the "Kasbah of Algiers" (World Cultural Heritage). [Editorial Department] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北アフリカ、アルジェリアの首都。国の政治、経済、学術・文化、交通の中心地である。人口151万9570(1998)、271万2944(2008センサス)。アラビア語ではアル・ジャザイルal-Jazā'ir、El Djazaïrといい、「島」という意味である。10世紀、アルジェ湾の北西端にある島々と岬とを連結して人工陸繋(りくけい)島とし、その内側に強い北西の風波を避ける港をつくったのでこの名がある。湾を囲む標高150~200メートルの丘の斜面に白い地中海風の建物の並ぶ市街が広がる。 フェニキア、ローマ時代は、イコシウムIcosiumとよばれる植民都市の一つであった。10世紀に港が築かれ、16世紀オスマン帝国領となり、アルジェに総督府が置かれてから、アルジェリアの政治、経済の中心として発展した。港から丘の中腹にかけ城郭都市(カスバ)がつくられ、18世紀には10万の人口を有した。植民地時代にはフランス総督府が置かれ、カスバの東西にヨーロッパ風の市街地が形成されていった。鉄道の始発駅ができ、東側に近代的港湾や工場地帯もつくられて、市街地は東のエル・ハラーシュと丘の上に拡大した。都市人口はヨーロッパ人のほうが多かったが、1951年、アルジェリア人人口がヨーロッパ人人口を上回り、市街地の周辺ではスラムが増加した。第二次世界大戦後は、サハラの石油ブームで高層ビル、高層アパートの建築が盛んになり、フランスの建築家ル・コルビュジエも都市計画に参画した。独立戦争中フランス軍は周辺の村落を破壊したので、都市流入人口はさらに増加した。 1961年のアルジェリアの独立のころ、81万の人口のうち35万人を占めたヨーロッパ人は、独立と前後してほとんど引き揚げ、残された不動産は国有化された。政府は社会主義を指向し、政治、経済の管理中枢は首都に集中し、工場も近郊に立地したので、爆発的に人口が増加した。独立後45万に減少した人口は1966年に90万人と倍増し、1977年には134万人に達した。人口集中は、深刻な住宅難、交通渋滞、駐車場難、夏の水不足、学校・教師の不足、多数の失業者などの問題を生じている。このため衛星都市の人口吸収、外国公館の郊外移転など人口分散計画をたてている。カスバの麓(ふもと)からアガ駅までの帯状の地域に国家機関が集まり、中央業務地区になっている。これに平行するベンメヒディ・ラルビ通りからディドゥシュ・ムラド通りにかけてが繁華街である。名所として、映画『望郷(ペペルモコ)』『アルジェの戦い』で知られる旧城郭都市カスバ、バルトー博物館、古代博物館、植物園などがある。近郊にファリ・ブーメディエン国際空港がある。 [藤井宏志] 世界遺産の登録カスバは1992年、ユネスコ(国連教育科学文化機関)により「アルジェのカスバ」として世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された(世界文化遺産)。 [編集部] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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