Calcium oxide - sankakarushiumu (English spelling) calcium oxide

Japanese: 酸化カルシウム - さんかかるしうむ(英語表記)calcium oxide
Calcium oxide - sankakarushiumu (English spelling) calcium oxide

A compound of calcium and oxygen. It is also called quicklime. It is obtained by thermal decomposition of natural limestone or calcium carbonate at temperatures above 900℃.

CaCO3 -->CaO+ CO2
Currently, most industrial production uses shaft furnaces or rotary furnaces fueled by heavy oil. When fired at low temperatures, it is a white amorphous solid, but the higher the firing temperature, the better the crystallinity. Large crystals can be obtained from the melt. Ca2+ ions and O2- ions form a sodium chloride type lattice. Lattice constant a = 4.80 Å, bond spacing Ca-O = 2.40 Å. The amorphous material is extremely active, and reacts with water generating high heat to become calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). This is called slaking.

CaO+ H2O =Ca(OH) 2 +15.2kcal
It also reacts with carbon dioxide to produce calcium carbonate. Because of its high melting point, it is used to line blast furnaces. It is used as a raw material for bleaching powder, carbide, cement, glass, etc., and is also used in many other applications, such as lime fertilizer, soil stabilizer, disinfectant, and desiccant.

[Torii Yasuo]

[Supplementary Material] | Calcium oxide (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カルシウムと酸素の化合物。生石灰(せいせっかい)ともいう。天然の石灰石や炭酸カルシウムを約900℃以上で熱分解すると得られる。

  CaCO3―→CaO+CO2
 現在工業的にはほとんど重油を燃料とした立炉や回転炉が用いられる。低温で焼成したものは白色無定形の固体であるが、焼成温度が高くなると結晶性はよくなる。融解液から大きな結晶が得られる。Ca2+イオンとO2-イオンが塩化ナトリウム型の格子をつくっている。格子定数a=4.80Å、結合間隔Ca-O=2.40Å。無定形のものはきわめて活性で、水とは高熱を発して反応し、水酸化カルシウム(消石灰)となる。これを消和slakingという。

  CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2+15.2kcal
 また、二酸化炭素と反応して炭酸カルシウムを与える。融点の高いことから、溶鉱炉の内張りに用いられる。さらし粉、カーバイド、セメント、ガラスなどの原料となるほか、石灰肥料、土質安定剤、消毒剤、乾燥剤などとして多方面に使われている。

[鳥居泰男]

[補完資料] | 酸化カルシウム(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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