Cook, James

Japanese: クック（英語表記）Cook， James

Born October 27, 1728, Merton-in-Cleland, Yorkshire
[Died] February 14, 1779. Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii. British explorer. Commonly known as Captain Cook. Born into a poor family, he became a sailor at a young age. In 1755 he joined the navy, and in 1768 he set off on his first voyage as captain of the Endeavour Barque, during a Pacific exploration planned by the Royal Society to observe Venus. He named the archipelago north of Tahiti the Society Islands after the Royal Society. He sailed to New Zealand, discovered Cook Strait, and declared Australia to be British territory. He returned home (1771) via the Indian Ocean, completing a westward circumnavigation of the world. On his second voyage in 1772, he sailed through the Antarctic Circle to 71°10′ south latitude, and discovered many islands, including New Caledonia and Norfolk Island, before returning home (1775). He was promoted to colonel and awarded a medal by the Royal Society for his work on Antarctica. On his third voyage in 1876, he explored the Pacific coast of North America, visiting the Cook Islands, Christmas Island, and the Sandwich Islands. He entered the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait and reached 70°44′ north latitude, but on the way back he became embroiled in a conflict with the native Hawaiians and met a tragic end.

Cook
Coke, Sir Edward

Born: February 1, 1552, Mileham
Died: September 3, 1634. Stoke Pogence, a British jurist. He was also known as Coke. He served as Attorney General, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas and the Court of King's Bench. He opposed King James I, who believed in the divine right of kings and claimed the right of interpretation, over the interpretation of the common law, and continued to advocate the independence of lawyers and the judiciary. He became a member of the House of Commons in 1621, but was imprisoned for nine months for treason, and thereafter played an active role as a leader of the opposition to the monarchy in the House of Commons. He was also a drafter of the Petition of Right, and his history of struggle against the monarchy influenced the United States Constitution. It is well known that he had a fierce conflict with Bacon, Ellesmere, and others during his struggle against the monarchy.

Cook
Cooke, Jay

Born August 10, 1821 in Sandusky, Ohio
Died: February 18, 1905. Ogontz, Pennsylvania. American financier. Played an active role in raising funds for the Union Army during the Civil War. In 1861, he opened a bank in Philadelphia and issued a $3 million war loan for the state of Pennsylvania. In 1862, as a special agent for the Federal Treasury, he was involved in the sale of $500 million in bonds, and in 1865, he sold $830 million in bank notes. After the war, in 1870, he attempted to provide financing for the construction of the Northern Pacific Railroad, but failed due to the financial panic of 1873. By 1880, he had paid off his debts and built up his fortune again.

Cook
Cooke, Rose

[Born] 1827
[Died] 1892
American female writer and poet. Maiden name Terry. Many of her works are rich in local color and depict rural life in New England. Her short story collections include Happy Dodd (1878) and Huckleberries Gathered from New England Hills (1991).

Cook
Cook, Donald

[Born] 1901
[Died] 1961
American actor. After a career in vaudeville, he became a sophisticated comedian. His most famous work is Paris Bound (1927).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1728.10.27. ヨークシャー，マートンインクリーブランド
[没]1779.2.14. ハワイ，ケアラケクア湾岸
イギリスの探検家。通称キャプテン・クック。貧しい家に生れ若年にして船乗りになる。 1755年海軍に入り，68年ロイヤル・ソサエティが企てた金星観測のための太平洋探検の際，『エンデバー・バーク』号の艦長となり第1回航海に出発。タヒチの北の群島をロイヤル・ソサエティにちなんでソシエテ諸島と命名。ニュージーランドに向ってクック海峡を見出し，イギリスのオーストラリア領有を宣言。インド洋を経て帰国 (1771) し，西回りの世界周航を成就。次いで 72年の第2回航海では南緯 71°10′まで南極圏を航海し，ニューカレドニア島，ノーフォーク島など多数の島々を見出して帰国 (75) 。南極大陸について明らかにした功績により大佐に昇進し，ロイヤル・ソサエティからメダルを授けられた。 76年の第3回航海では，北アメリカ太平洋岸の探検を目的とし，クック諸島，クリスマス島，サンドウィッチ (ハワイ) 諸島を見出し，ベーリング海峡から北極海に入り，北緯 70°44′まで達したが，帰途ハワイで先住民との紛争に巻込まれ，非業の最期をとげた。

クック
Coke， Sir Edward

[生]1552.2.1. マイルハム
[没]1634.9.3. ストークポージェンス
イギリスの法律家。コークとも呼ばれる。法務長官，民訴裁判所や王座裁判所の首席裁判官を歴任。コモン・ローの解釈をめぐって，王権神授説に立ち解釈権を主張するジェームズ1世と対立し，法律家・司法権の独立を唱え続けた。 1621年下院議員になったが国事犯として9ヵ月間投獄され，以後，下院において国王反対派の指導者として活躍する。権利請願の起草者でもあり，彼の王権との闘争史はアメリカ合衆国憲法にも影響を与えた。王権との闘争の間にベーコン，エルズミアらと激しく対立したことは有名である。

クック
Cooke， Jay

[生]1821.8.10. オハイオ，サンダスキ
[没]1905.2.18. ペンシルバニア，オゴンツ
アメリカの金融業者。南北戦争の際北軍の戦費調達に活躍。 1861年フィラデルフィアに銀行を開業，ペンシルバニア州のために 300万ドルの戦時ローンを発行。 62年連邦財務省の特別代理人として5億ドルの債券の売却に従事し，65年には8億 3000万ドルの銀行券を売払った。戦後 70年にはノーザン・パシフィック鉄道建設に融資を企てたが，73年の金融恐慌の襲来により失敗。 80年までに借財を返済し再び財産を築いた。

クック
Cooke， Rose

[生]1827
[没]1892
アメリカの女流作家，詩人。旧姓 Terry。ニューイングランドの田園生活を扱った地方色豊かな作品が多い。短編集に『幸福なドッド』 Happy Dodd (1878) ，『ニューイングランドの山で集めたハックルベリー』 Huckleberries Gathered from New England Hills (91) 。