Acid value

Japanese: 酸価 - さんか(英語表記)acid value
Acid value

This refers to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free fatty acids contained in 1 gram of fat or oil. The fat or oil sample is dissolved in a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol (for example, 2:1), and neutralized using 1% phenolphthalein solution as an indicator, and then calculated. Free fatty acids are produced by hydrolysis caused by the action of enzymes and as a result of autoxidation. Autoxidation is a slow oxidation caused by oxygen molecules in the air. First, hydroperoxides (lipid peroxides) are produced, and then the acid value also increases. The acid value of fresh refined oil is low. Oils with a high acid value are of poor quality.

[Kazuo Fukuzumi]

[Reference item] | Oil and fat

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

油脂1グラム中に含まれている遊離脂肪酸を中和するのに要する水酸化カリウムのミリグラム数をいう。油脂試料をエチルエーテル‐エタノール混液(たとえば2対1)に溶かし、1%フェノールフタレイン溶液を指示薬として中和し算出する。酵素の作用による加水分解により、また自動酸化の結果として、遊離脂肪酸が生成してくる。自動酸化とは大気中の酸素分子による緩慢な酸化をいう。まずヒドロペルオキシド(過酸化脂質)を生ずるが、ついで酸価も上昇する。新鮮な精製油の酸価は小である。酸価が大のものは品質が劣る。

[福住一雄]

[参照項目] | 油脂

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