The name of the one God in Islam. Etymologically, it is a corrupted form of "al-ilāh", which is the definite article al- from ilāh, meaning God. Allah was worshipped as the supreme God even before Islam. However, Islam does not recognize any other gods, as its creed states, "There is no god but Allah." The Quran also says, "God has beautiful names. Call upon them to Him" (Chapter 7, Verse 180), and God is called by various names such as "Lord" (Rabbu) and "The Most Merciful" (Rahman). According to hadith (tradition), God has 99 names, but Allah is the highest name that includes all other names and is also God's proper name. In the Quran, Allah is an absolute and transcendent being, but at the same time, there are many anthropomorphic expressions, and Allah's theological character is ambiguous and contradictory. The question of how to unify the descriptions of Allah in the Quran became a challenge for later theologians, philosophers, and Sufis (mystics). [Masataka Takeshita] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イスラム教における唯一神の名。語源的には、神を意味するイラーフilāhに定冠詞al-がついた「アル・イラーフ」がなまったもの。すでにイスラム以前からアッラーは至上神として崇拝されていた。しかしイスラム教では、その信条告白に「アッラーのほかに神なし」とあるとおり、アッラー以外にいかなる神も認めない。またコーランに、「神は美しい名前をもっている。それらを使って神に祈れ」(7章180節)とあり、神は「主」(ラッブ)、「慈愛深き者」(ラフマーン)などさまざまな名でよばれている。ハディース(伝承)によると、神は99の名をもつといわれるが、アッラーは、他のすべての名を含む最高の名であり、また神の固有名詞でもある。コーランにおいては、アッラーは絶対的、超越的存在であると同時に、多くの神人同形論的表現もみられ、アッラーの神学的性格はあいまいで矛盾を含んだものである。コーランに表れるアッラーに関する記述を、どのように統一的に解釈するかという問題は、後の神学者、哲学者、スーフィー(神秘家)の課題となった。 [竹下政孝] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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