Sullivan, Anne

Japanese: サリバン(英語表記)Sullivan, Anne
Sullivan, Anne
Born April 14, 1866 in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts.
Died October 20, 1936. A teacher in Forest Hills, New York. Her maiden name was Sullivan. She married Anne Sullivan Macy. She is known for her achievements as a private tutor, providing a high level of education to Helen Keller, who was blind, deaf, and mute. She herself lost most of her eyesight due to illness as a child. She entered the Perkins School for the Blind in 1880 and graduated at the top of her class in 1886. For several months, she studied the work of Samuel Gridley Howe, the first principal of the Perkins School for the Blind, together with Laura D. Bridgman. In March 1887, she became the private tutor of the then 6-year-old Keller in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Keller lost her sight and hearing due to an infection contracted at the age of 19 months, and since then, she grew up to be an unruly, angry, and selfish child, with no discipline, and only a touch-based connection to the outside world. Through patient ingenuity, Sullivan was able to teach Keller through finger spelling within a month that objects had names. Keller's learning progressed rapidly, and she developed a sufficient vocabulary and natural intelligence that the two of them attracted attention throughout the United States. In 1888, they both attended the Perkins School for the Blind. After Keller graduated in 1904, the couple moved to a farm in Wrentham, Massachusetts, with the help of a donor. Sullivan married Keller in 1905 and took the surname Macy, but separated from her husband in 1913. She continued to be by Keller's side, accompanying her at home, on trips around the United States, and later on educational meetings and vaudeville tours around the world, as well as on speaking tours for the American Association of the Overseas Blind. By 1935, she had lost her sight completely.

Sullivan
Sullivan, Louis

Born September 3, 1856 in Boston, Massachusetts.
Died April 14, 1924. American architect from Chicago, Illinois. Full name Louis Henry Sullivan. A pioneer of modern American architecture. After studying at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and the firm of Furness & Hewitt in Philadelphia, he worked at several architectural firms in Chicago, including that of William Le Baron Jenney. In 1879, he joined the firm of Dankmar Adler, and in 1881 he became a partner. By the time the firm dissolved in 1895, he had built over 100 buildings and was a representative figure of the Chicago School, contributing to the design of high-rise steel-framed buildings and exerting a major influence on their decoration. The 10-story Wainwright Building (1890-91), a pioneer of early skyscrapers, had vertical members between the columns to create the exterior design, and the Guaranty Building (1894-95) had vertical members exposed at ground level, while the base two stories were decorated with Art Nouveau cast iron. Other works include the Auditorium Building (1887-89), the Transportation Pavilion at the 1893 Columbian International Exposition in Chicago, and the Schrösinger-Mayer Department Store (1899-1904, later the Carson Pirie Scott Building). His major works include The Autobiography of an Idea (1924).

Sullivan
Sullivan, John

Born: February 17, 1740, Somersworth, New Hampshire
[Died] January 23, 1795. Durham, New Hampshire. American soldier and politician. Known for leading the 1779 campaign to wipe out Iroquois Indians in western New York. In 1774, he became a member of the New Hampshire Provincial Council and attended the First Continental Congress as a delegate. In June 1775, he was appointed brigadier general in the Continental Army and led the siege of Boston. In 1776, he was promoted to major general and led the Battle of Long Island and the Battle of Trenton under General G. Washington. From 1778 to 1779, he led 5,000 troops in the campaign to wipe out Indians in the Mohawk Valley of New York, implementing a thorough scorched earth policy. He served as a delegate to the Confederate Congress (1780-1781), attorney general of New Hampshire (1782-1786), and governor of New Hampshire (1786-1787, 1789).

Sullivan
Sullivan, Harry Stack

Born: February 21, 1892, Norwich, New York
Died January 14, 1949. American psychiatrist in Paris. Belonged to the Neo-Freudian school, but was relatively little influenced by Freud. Viewing psychiatry as the study of human relationships, he contributed to theories of schizophrenia and psychotherapy, and after World War II, worked to apply psychopathological concepts to easing international tensions. His main works include Conception of Modern Psychiatry (1945), The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry (53), and The Fusion of Psychiatry and Social Science (64).

Sullivan
Sullivan, John L.

Born October 15, 1858 in Roxbury, Massachusetts
[Died] February 2, 1918. Abington, Massachusetts. American professional boxer. Real name John Lawrence Sullivan. He began professional boxing in 1878, and became the bare-knuckle heavyweight champion in 1882. In 1889, he defeated Jake Kilrane of England in the last match of the London prize ring (bare-knuckle) era to become world champion. In 1892, he was defeated by James J. Corbett's new tactics in the heavyweight title match in New Orleans, putting an end to old-style boxing. From 1878 to 1905, he fought 35 times, winning 31 (16 by KO).

Sullivan
Sullivan, Sir Arthur (Seymour)

Born: May 13, 1842, London
[Died] November 22, 1900. London. British composer. Joined the choir of the Royal Chapel in 1853, entered the Royal Academy of Music in 1856, studied at the Leipzig Conservatory from 1858 to 1861, and became professor of composition at the Royal Academy of Music in 1866. From 1971, he worked with playwright W. Gilbert, and composed many Gilbert-Sullivan operas (Savoy operas) until they parted ways in 1990. In 1983, he was awarded the title of Sir. His works include operettas such as "Trial by Jury," "The Wizard," "Pinafore," "The Pirates of Penzance," and "The Mikado," as well as theater music, religious music, chamber music, and songs.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1866.4.14. マサチューセッツ,フィーディングヒルズ
[没]1936.10.20. ニューヨーク,フォレストヒルズ
アメリカ合衆国の教師。Sullivanは旧姓。結婚後の名前は Anne Sullivan Macy。家庭教師として,盲・聾・唖のヘレン・ケラーに高い水準の教育を施した功績で広く知られる。自身も子供時代に病気で視力をほとんど失った。1880年にパーキンズ盲学校に入学して,1886年に首席で卒業。数ヵ月にわたって,ローラ・D.ブリッジマンとともにパーキンズ盲学校の初代校長サミュエル・グリドリー・ハウの業績を研究した。1887年3月,アラバマ州タスカンビアで 6歳だったケラーの家庭教師になった。ケラーは生後 19ヵ月で感染した病気により視力と聴力を失って以来,しつけを受けずに怒りっぽいわがままな子供に育ち,触覚のみで外界と接する状態にあった。サリバンは辛抱強く創意工夫を重ね,1ヵ月たたないうちに物には名前があるということを指文字を通じて教えることに成功した。その後は急速に学習が進み,ケラーは十分に語彙を身につけて生来の知性を発揮し,2人は全米で注目されるようになった。1888年からともにパーキンズ盲学校に在籍した。ケラーが 1904年に卒業すると,篤志家の世話により 2人でマサチューセッツ州レンサムの農場に移り住んだ。サリバンは 1905年に結婚してメーシー姓を名のったが,1913年には夫と別居した。その後もケラーに寄り添い,自宅での生活,全米各地への旅行,のちには世界各地での教育集会やボードビル巡業での講演,また海外盲人アメリカ協会のための講演旅行にも同伴した。1935年には完全に視力を失っていた。

サリバン
Sullivan, Louis

[生]1856.9.3. マサチューセッツ,ボストン
[没]1924.4.14. イリノイ,シカゴ
アメリカ合衆国の建築家。フルネーム Louis Henry Sullivan。アメリカ近代建築の先駆者。マサチューセッツ工科大学,パリのエコール・デ・ボザール,フィラデルフィアのファーネス・アンド・ヒューイット事務所で学んだのち,ウィリアム・ル・バロン・ジェニーの事務所をはじめシカゴのいくつかの建築事務所を経て 1879年,ダンクマール・アドラーの事務所に入り,1881年からは共同経営者となった。 1895年に解消するまで 100余の建物を建築しシカゴ派の代表的存在となり,鉄骨高層建築のデザインに貢献するとともに,装飾面でも大きな影響を与えた。初期摩天楼のさきがけとなった 10階建てのウェーンライト・ビル (1890~91) では架構構造体とは別に柱間に垂直材を入れて外面の意匠をつくり,ギャランティ・ビル (1894~95) でも垂直構造材を地上面に露出させた一方で,基部2層にアール・ヌーボーの鋳鉄装飾を施している。その他の作品にオーディトリアム・ビル (1887~89) ,1893年にシカゴで開催されたコロンビア国際博覧会の交通館,シュレージンガー・メイヤー百貨店 (1899~1904。のちのカーソン・ピリー・スコット・ビル) など。主著に『サリヴァン自伝──若き建築家の肖像』 The Autobiography of an Idea (1924) がある。

サリバン
Sullivan, John

[生]1740.2.17. ニューハンプシャー,サマーズワース
[没]1795.1.23. ニューハンプシャー,ダラム
アメリカの軍人,政治家。 1779年のニューヨーク西部におけるイロコイ語族系インディアンの掃討戦の指揮官として有名。 74年ニューハンプシャー植民地協議会の一員となり,第1回大陸会議の代表として出席。 75年6月大陸軍准将に任命されボストン包囲戦を指揮。 76年少将に昇進,G.ワシントン将軍のもとでロングアイランドの戦い,トレントンの戦いを指揮。 78~79年 5000の兵を率いてニューヨークのモホーク峡谷のインディアン掃討戦に従事し,徹底的な焦土作戦をとった。連合会議への代表 (1780~81) ,ニューハンプシャー邦検事総長 (82~86) ,同知事 (86~87,89) などを歴任した。

サリバン
Sullivan, Harry Stack

[生]1892.2.21. ニューヨーク,ノリッジ
[没]1949.1.14. パリ
アメリカの精神医学者。新フロイト派に属するが,フロイトの影響は比較的少い。精神医学を人間関係の研究としてとらえ,分裂病や精神療法の理論に貢献,第2次世界大戦後は国際間の緊張緩和に精神病理学的概念を適用することに努力。主著『現代精神医学の概念』 Conception of Modern Psychiatry (1945) ,『精神医学の対人説』 The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry (53) ,『精神医学と社会科学の融合』 The Fusion of Psychiatry and Social Science (64) 。

サリバン
Sullivan, John L.

[生]1858.10.15. マサチューセッツ,ロックスバリ
[没]1918.2.2. マサチューセッツ,アビントン
アメリカ合衆国のプロボクサー。本名 John Lawrence Sullivan。1878年にプロボクシングを始め,1882年ベアナックルのヘビー級チャンピオンとなる。1889年ロンドン・プライズリング (ベアナックル) 時代最後の試合でイギリスのジェーク・キルレインを破り世界チャンピオンとなった。1892年ニューオーリンズのヘビー級タイトル戦で,ジェームズ・J.コーベットの新しい戦法に敗れ,旧式ボクシングに終止符が打たれた。1878~1905年の通算成績は 35戦 31勝 (16KO) 。

サリバン
Sullivan, Sir Arthur (Seymour)

[生]1842.5.13. ロンドン
[没]1900.11.22. ロンドン
イギリスの作曲家。 1853年宮廷礼拝堂の合唱隊に入り,56年王立音楽院入学,58~61年ライプチヒ音楽院留学,66年王立音楽院の作曲科教授。 71年来,劇作家 W.ギルバートと組み,90年両者が別れるまで多くのギルバート=サリバン・オペラ (サボイ・オペラ) を作った。 83年サーの称号を受けた。作品には『陪審裁判』『魔法使い』『軍艦ピナフォア』『ペンザンスの海賊』『ミカド』などのオペレッタ,劇場音楽,宗教曲,室内楽,歌曲などがある。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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