Summit

Japanese: サミット

A common name for a summit of major countries. The word "summit" means "top," and refers to a summit meeting or summit talks. The first summit was held in Rambouillet, France in 1975 to discuss and coordinate important issues facing the world economy and to recover from the oil crisis. Since then, it has been held once a year, with the participating countries taking turns. The first summit was attended by six countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, West Germany (now Germany), Italy, and Japan. From the second summit, Canada participated (these seven countries are called the G7). From the third summit, the President of the European Communities also participated as an observer. Russia officially joined the summit held in Denver, USA in 1997, and these eight countries are called the G8. However, economic discussions and economic statements on macroeconomics were conducted by the G7 excluding Russia, but since the Evian Summit in 2003 (China's first participation in an informal meeting), the G8, including Russia, has become the main body. The 2006 summit was held in Russia for the first time. At the 1986 Tokyo Summit, the creation of the Group of Seven Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (commonly known as the G7) was resolved, and since then, currency issues and other issues have been dealt with exclusively at such meetings. In July 2000, the Kyushu-Okinawa Summit was held in Fukuoka, Miyazaki, and Nago, Okinawa Prefecture, but it has been pointed out that the meetings have become merely a formality. In July 2008, the Toyako Summit was held in Hokkaido.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

主要国首脳会議の通称。サミットは〈頂上〉の意で首脳会議，頂上会談を表す。1975年フランスのランブイエで，石油危機からの立直しと，当面する世界経済の重要な諸問題を討議し協調を図るため，第１回会議が開かれた。以後毎年１回，参加国の持回り形式で開催。第１回は米，英，仏，西独（現，ドイツ），イタリア，日本の６ヵ国，第２回からカナダが参加（以上７ヵ国をG7(ジーセブン)と称す），第３回からはヨーロッパ共同体委員長もオブザーバーとして参加。1997年に米国のデンバーで開かれたサミットからロシアが正式に参加，この８ヵ国をG8(ジーエイト)と呼ぶ。ただし，マクロ経済などをめぐる経済協議と経済声明はロシアを除くG7によっていたが，2003年のエビアン・サミット（中国が非公式会合に初参加）以後，ロシアを含めたG8がその主体となった。2006年のサミットはロシアで初開催された。なお，1986年の東京サミットで〈先進７ヵ国財務相中央銀行総裁会議〉（通称G7）の創設が決議され，以後，通貨問題などはもっぱらその場で扱われるようになった。2000年７月には福岡市，宮崎市，沖縄県名護市で九州・沖縄サミットが開かれたが，会議の形骸化も指摘されている。2008年７月には北海道・洞爺湖サミットが開催された。
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