Metals that exist in extremely small amounts in nature, or at most are economically and technically very difficult to extract. In Japan, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry's Mining Council defines rare metals as the following 31 types of minerals (rare earth elements are counted as one type of mineral): lithium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, strontium, barium, rare earth elements (scandium, yttrium and lanthanides), titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, antimony, bismuth, selenium, and tellurium. This definition is not universal, and in Japan they are often referred to as rare metals, but this definition has not necessarily been established internationally. Vanadium is an extremely important raw material that is used widely, from basic materials industries to high-tech industries. Some are obtained as by-products in the smelting of copper, zinc, and lead, but resources are often extremely unevenly distributed, so nine types of minerals are subject to the national stockpile system: nickel, chromium, tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, vanadium, and, indium and gallium, which were added in 2009. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
天然の存在量がきわめて少ないか,多くともその抽出が経済的,技術的に非常に困難な金属.日本では,経済産業省鉱業審議会が次の31鉱種(希土類元素を一括して1鉱種と数える)と定義している.リチウム,ルビジウム,セシウム,ベリリウム,ストロンチウム,バリウム,希土類元素(スカンジウム,イットリウムとランタノイド),チタン,ジルコニウム,ハフニウム,バナジウム,ニオブ,タンタル,クロム,モリブデン,タングステン,マンガン,レニウム,コバルト,ニッケル,パラジウム,白金,ホウ素,ガリウム,インジウム,タリウム,ゲルマニウム,アンチモン,ビスマス,セレン,テルル.この定義は世界共通ではなく,わが国では総称としてレアメタルとよぶことが多いが,国際的には必ずしも確立していない.基礎素材産業からハイテク産業まで幅広く利用される非常に重要な原材料であるから,銅,亜鉛,鉛製錬の際の副産物として得られるものもあるが,資源が極端に偏在している場合が多いので,ニッケル,クロム,タングステン,コバルト,モリブデン,マンガン,バナジウムと2009年に追加されたインジウム,ガリウムをあわせて9鉱種が国家備蓄制度の対象となっている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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