This is a guidebook on procedures, terminology, and document examples for satai, which is believed to have been written by a Kamakura Shogunate official in the early 14th century. Satai means to judge or to deal with something, and here it is used to mean making a decision on lawsuits. Miren means inexperienced. Therefore, the title of the book literally means "A guidebook for those who are inexperienced in the procedure for judging lawsuits." The background to the writing of this book can be assumed to be the intention to leave a guidebook for descendants who are expected to take on similar positions in response to the major changes that occurred in the satai procedures in the Kamakura Shogunate from the end of the 13th century to the beginning of the 14th century. Although it is assumed to have been written by the regent Hojo Tokimune, it was probably written by those around Nikaido, the steward of the Kamakura Shogunate's Mandokoro, and passed down to him. The whole is divided into three parts: Part 1 is a classification and explanation of the procedures for decisions made by the Kamakura Shogunate, Part 2 is an explanation of terms related to the nobles, and Part 3 is a collection of examples of related documents. It is considered the most basic historical material for understanding the procedural system for decisions made at the end of the Kamakura period, and is included in "Collection of Historical Materials on Medieval Legal Systems, Volume 2: Muromachi Shogunate Law" (Iwanami Shoten), edited by Sato Shinichi and Ikeuchi Yoshisuke. [Ichiro Nitta] Ryosuke Ishii, "On Two Types of Historical Documents on Medieval Procedural Law" (Revised Edition: The Taika Reforms and the Establishment of the Kamakura Shogunate, 1972, Sobunsha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
14世紀初頭に鎌倉幕府官僚が著したと推定される、沙汰の手続・用語・文書例の手引書。沙汰とは、判断すること、処理することで、ここではとりわけ、諸人の訴に対して判断を下すことを意味して用いられている。未練は不熟練の意味。従って書名を文字通りに解すれば、「訴に対する判断手続について不熟練の者のための手引書」の意味になる。本書述作の背景には、13世紀末から14世紀初頭にかけて鎌倉幕府における沙汰の手続きに生じた大きな変革に対応して、同様の職務に就くことが予想される子孫のために手引を遺そうとする意図を、想定することができる。執権北条時宗(ほうじょうときむね)の作に仮託されているが、実際には鎌倉幕府政所(まんどころ)執事二階堂(にかいどう)氏の周辺で述作され、同氏に相伝されたものであろう。全体は3部に分かたれ、第1部は鎌倉幕府の沙汰の手続の分類解説、第2部は公家(くげ)関係の用語解説、第3部は関係文書の文例集となっている。鎌倉末期の沙汰の手続制度を知るうえで最も基本的な史料とされ、佐藤進一・池内義資編『中世法制史料集第2巻 室町幕府法』(岩波書店)に収録されている。 [新田一郎] 『石井良助著「中世の訴訟法史料二種について」(『増補版 大化改新と鎌倉幕府の成立』1972・創文社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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