Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree

Japanese: ラウントリー（英語表記）Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree

1871‐1954
British social researcher famous for conducting poverty surveys. The son of an enlightened businessman (cocoa and chocolate manufacturer) in York, he started working in the family business at the age of 18 and later became a manager. After dropping out of Owen College, he advocated high wages and high efficiency, and worked hard to promote welfare within companies. Inspired by C. Booth's London survey, he conducted the York Poverty Survey (which consisted of three surveys). The first survey (conducted in 1899) set two types of poverty lines: primary poverty refers to households whose income is insufficient to maintain absolute physical efficiency based on nutritional standards, and secondary poverty refers to households whose income is sufficient as long as it is not spent on alcohol, gambling, etc.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1871‐1954
貧困調査実施などで著名なイギリスの社会調査家。ヨークで開明的事業家(ココア，チョコレート製造)の子として18歳で家業に従事し，後には責任者となる。オーエン･カレッジ中退後，高賃金，高能率を主張し，企業内福祉に努力している。C.ブースのロンドン調査に啓発され，ヨークの貧困調査(3回にわたる)を実施した。第1回調査(1899実施)では2種の貧乏線poverty lineを設定しているが，一次貧困とは，その収入が栄養基準を基礎として，絶対的な肉体的能率の維持にも不足する世帯，二次貧困とは飲酒，賭博などに消費されない限りは充足できる世帯をいう。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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