Sakurajima - Sakurajima

Japanese: 桜島 - さくらじま

A volcanic island located in the back of Kagoshima Bay. Its circumference is about 48.2 km, and its area is about 73 ^km2 . A large amount of lava flowed out during the Taisho eruption in 1914, filling the Seto Strait and connecting it to the Osumi Peninsula. The northwestern half of the island was once Sakurajima Town, Kagoshima Prefecture, but due to a merger, the entire island now belongs to Kagoshima City. The main peaks of Kitadake (Mitake, 1,117 m), Nakadake (1,060 m), and Minamidake (1,040 m) are located almost in the center of the island, each with a crater about 500 m in diameter. Minamidake is still an active volcano. Sakurajima's formation is thought to have begun with new eruption activity about 13,000 years ago on the southern edge of the Aira caldera, which was formed in the Quaternary Period (about 22,000 years ago). The oldest recorded eruption is from 764, when a new island (Kamizukurishima) was formed in the sea of Ogishima Shinji Village. It is speculated that Ogishima refers to Sakurajima. In the Middle Ages, it was called Mukojima, and a major eruption occurred during the Bunmei era (1469-1487). In the early modern period, it belonged to Osumi County, Osumi Province, and was known as Mukojima-go, and later Sakurajima-go. It was used by the lord of Kagoshima for hot springs therapy and hunting, and its specialty products include radishes, mandarin oranges, and raw wax. The largest eruption in the early modern period was the An'ei eruption in 1779, which caused many deaths and formed a new island. After a period of calm in the Meiji era, the Taisho eruption occurred, and intermittent eruptive activity has continued to this day. Mandarin oranges, loquats, and Sakurajima radishes are cultivated. The Sakurajima Ferry operates between Kagoshima Port, and a road runs around the island through the desolate lava fields. The area attracts many tourists with its magnificent scenery and hot springs. It is part of Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park.
→ Related topics Kagoshima [Prefecture] | Kirishima-Yaku National Park

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

鹿児島湾の奥部に位置する火山島。周囲約48.2km，面積約73km²。1914年の大噴火（大正噴火）で溶岩が大量に流出し，瀬戸海峡を埋め尽くして大隅半島と陸続きとなった。かつては北西半部が鹿児島県桜島町だったが，合併に伴い現在では全域が鹿児島市に属する。島のほぼ中央に北岳（御岳。1117m），中岳（1060m），南岳（1040m）の主峰があり，各々が直径500m前後の火口を有する。南岳は現在も活動中の活火山。　桜島の形成は第四紀（約２万2000年前）にできた姶良(あいら)カルデラの南縁に，約１万3000年前から新たな噴火活動が起こったことに端を発すると考えられる。最古の噴火記録は764年のもので，〈麑島信爾村〉の海に新島（神造島）が形成されたといい，麑島は桜島を指すとも推測されている。中世は向島と称され，文明年間（1469年−1487年）に大きな噴火があった。近世は大隅国大隅郡に属し，向島郷，のち桜島郷として推移した。鹿児島藩主の湯治・狩猟などに利用され，特産物として大根・蜜柑・生蝋などが知られた。近世の噴火では1779年の噴火（安永噴火）が最大で，多数の死者が出，新島も形成された。明治の鎮静期を経て大正噴火が起こり，その後も断続的な噴火活動を繰り返し現在に至る。　ミカン，ビワ，桜島ダイコンなどを栽培。鹿児島港と結ぶ桜島フェリーが運航し，荒涼とした溶岩原に島内一周道路が通る。雄大な景観や温泉を観光資源として多くの観光客を集める。霧島錦江湾国立公園に含まれる。
→関連項目鹿児島［県］｜霧島屋久国立公園

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