Sakudo - Cultivated soil

Japanese: 作土 - さくど
Sakudo - Cultivated soil

In morphological classification, soil is divided into layers such as A, B, and C from the surface, but from the viewpoint of crop production, it is divided into cultivated soil, plow bed layer, and subsoil (subsoil). For example, in paddy fields, the cultivated soil layer is about 10 to 15 centimeters thick, and the plow bed layer is found below that, but in fields, the subsoil is directly below the cultivated soil. Cultivated soil is a soil layer just below the surface that is directly affected by tillage. It is softer than the subsoil, and is generally darker in color than the subsoil because it contains organic matter such as crop plants and compost. It is also rich in plant nutrients because it is fertilized. In this way, it is a soil layer that is strongly influenced by human cultivation management such as tillage and fertilization. Most of the roots of crops are distributed in this layer, and most of the nutrients and water are supplied from this layer. Therefore, if the cultivated soil is lost due to erosion, it often causes a major disruption to crop production.

[Yuki Koyama]

[Reference] | Subsoil | Subsoil | Plow bed | Soil
Structure of rice paddy
©Takashi Aoki

Structure of rice paddy


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

形態学的分類では、土壌を表面から層位別にA層、B層、C層などに分けるが、作物生産の見地からは、作土、鋤床(すきどこ)層、下層土(心土)のように区分している。たとえば水田では作土層の厚さはおよそ10~15センチメートルで、その下に鋤床層がみられるが、畑では作土の下が直接心土となる。作土は、耕うんの影響を直接受ける地表面直下の土層で、下層に比べて軟らかく、作物体や堆厩肥(たいきゅうひ)などの有機物が入るため、一般的に下層土より暗色を呈する。また肥料が施されるため、植物養分にも富んでいる。このように耕うん、施肥など人の栽培管理の影響を強く受けた土層である。作物の根の大半はこの層に分布し、養分や水分の多くはこの層から供給される。したがって侵食などにより作土が失われると、作物生産に大きな支障をきたす場合が多い。

[小山雄生]

[参照項目] | 下層土 | 心土 | 鋤床層 | 土壌
水田の構造
©青木 隆">

水田の構造


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