A single-reed woodwind instrument, also known as a saxophone or saxophone. It was invented and produced by the Belgian Adolph Sax (1814-1894), who patented it in Paris in 1846. Although the tubes were originally made of metal, it is classified as a woodwind instrument because it uses a reed to produce sound and has a key system. However, Sax's intention as the inventor was to create an instrument with a tone between woodwind and brass instruments, so that the tones of the two could blend together in wind ensemble music. There are seven types of saxophones with different ranges: sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass, and double bass. The soprano, tenor, and bass saxophones are B♭ transposing instruments, while the others are E♭ transposing instruments. Initially, instruments in F and C were made for orchestral use, but now B♭ and E♭ are also used in orchestras. Of these, the alto and tenor are the most commonly used, followed by the soprano and baritone. The range of the alto saxophone is D♭ 3 to A♭ 5 , and the tenor is A♭ 2 to E♭ 5 , but all instruments use a treble staff for musical notation, and the range is B♭ 3 to F 6. The fingering is also the same for all instruments. In addition to wind bands, it is a main instrument in popular music, especially jazz. On the other hand, because its history is relatively new, there are not many examples of its use in orchestral music; however, it was used early on in France, in works such as Berlioz's Te Deum (1849) and Bizet's Les Amours du Chiesa (1872). [Maekawa Haruhisa] [Reference] |©Yamaha "> Alto Saxophone ©Yamaha "> Tenor Saxophone ©Yamaha "> Soprano Saxophone ©Yamaha "> Baritone Saxophone Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
シングル・リードの木管楽器。サキソフォン、サックスともよばれる。ベルギーのアドルフ・サックスAdolph Sax(1814―1894)が考案、製作し、1846年にパリで特許を得た。管は当初より金属製であるにもかかわらず、リードを用いて発音し、キー・システムをもつことから木管楽器に分類されるが、考案者サックスの意図は、木管楽器と金管楽器との中間的な音色の楽器をつくり、吹奏楽で両者の音色が溶け合うようにすることにあった。 サクソフォーンには、ソプラニーノ、ソプラノ、アルト、テナー、バリトン、バス、コントラバス、の音域の異なる7種類があり、ソプラノ、テナー、バス・サクソフォーンはB♭の移調楽器、その他はE♭の移調楽器である。最初は管弦楽用としてF管、C管の楽器もつくられたが、現在は管弦楽においてもB♭管、E♭管が使われる。このうちもっとも多く用いられるのはアルトとテナーで、ソプラノとバリトンがこれに次ぐ。実音音域は、アルト・サクソフォーンがD♭3~A♭5、テナーがA♭2~E♭5であるが、記譜にはどの楽器も高音部譜表を用い、その音域はB♭3~F6である。運指も全楽器に共通している。吹奏楽のほかポピュラー音楽、とくにジャズの主力楽器になっている。一方、歴史が新しいため管弦楽での用例は多くないものの、フランスではベルリオーズの『テ・デウム』(1849)やビゼーの『アルルの女』(1872)などに早くから使われている。 [前川陽郁] [参照項目] |©ヤマハ"> アルト・サクソフォーン ©ヤマハ"> テナー・サクソフォーン ©ヤマハ"> ソプラノ・サクソフォーン ©ヤマハ"> バリトン・サクソフォーン 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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