CBS - CBS

Japanese: CBS - しーびーえす
CBS - CBS

CBS Corporation is an abbreviation for the American broadcasting network company. It is a major American broadcasting company that operates television and radio networks. It has 16 directly managed television stations, 299 affiliated stations, and 140 affiliated radio stations. In 1928, it began broadcasting as a radio network called the Columbia Broadcasting System. One of CBS's major features was that it created a network system in which it provided its affiliated stations with all of its sponsored programs (programs with commercials) for free, in exchange for the affiliated stations being required to broadcast all of their programs. This led to an increase in the number of affiliated stations and the expansion of CBS's influence. Another feature was that with the onset of World War II, it strengthened its reporting system ahead of other radio networks, for example by broadcasting the German air force's air raids on London live to the United States on shortwave. This tradition is carried on in the television program "60 Minutes," which began broadcasting in 1968 and is highly regarded as an investigative journalism program that is still on the air as of 2011.

In the mid-1980s, CBS was bought by investors as an investment target, and its news division, which was deemed to have a low profitability, was significantly cut. CBS was then acquired by the electrical appliance manufacturer Westinghouse Electric in 1995, and in 2000 its parent company was changed to Viacom Inc., the second largest entertainment media company after the Walt Disney Company.

[Mukogo Hideki]

"E. BarnouwA History of Broadcasting in the United States, Vol. I (1966, Oxford University Press)""C. Sterling, J. KittrossStay Tuned; a History of American Broadcasting, 3rd ed. (2002, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers)""M. McGregor, et al.Head's Broadcasting in America, 10th ed. (2010, Allyn & Bacon)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの放送ネットワーク会社CBS Corporationの略称。アメリカの大手放送会社で、テレビ・ラジオネットワークを運営している。テレビは直営局が16、加盟局が299、ラジオは加盟局140。1928年、ラジオネットワークのコロンビア放送システムColumbia Broadcasting Systemとして放送を開始した。CBSの大きな特徴の一つは、同社がコストを負担して制作するサスプロ番組(CMなしの自主番組)を加盟局に無料で提供するかわりに、加盟局側にスポンサー番組(CMつき番組)を全部放送させるというネットワークシステムを創出して、加盟局数の増大を図り、CBSの勢力を拡大していったことだった。もう一つの特徴は、第二次世界大戦突入とともに、ドイツ空軍によるロンドン空襲の模様をアメリカへ向け短波で生中継を行うなど、ほかのラジオネットワークに先駆けて報道体制を強化したことだった。その伝統は、1968年に放送が開始され、調査報道番組としての評価が高く、2011年時点でも放送中のテレビ番組「60 Minutes(シックスティ・ミニッツ)」に受け継がれている。

 1980年代半ばに投資の対象として投資家に買収され、収益率が低いとみなされた報道部門が大幅に削減された。その後CBSは1995年に電気メーカーのウェスティングハウス・エレクトリック社によって買収され、2000年には経営母体が、娯楽メディア企業としてウォルト・ディズニー・カンパニーに次ぐ規模をもつバイアコム社にかわっている。

[向後英紀]

『E. BarnouwA History of Broadcasting in the United States, Vol.Ⅰ (1966, Oxford University Press)』『C. Sterling, J. KittrossStay Tuned ; a History of American Broadcasting, 3rd ed. (2002, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers)』『M. McGregor, et al.Head's Broadcasting in America, 10th ed. (2010, Allyn & Bacon)』

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