Hypnotherapy - hypnotherapy

Japanese: 催眠療法 - さいみんりょうほう(英語表記)hypnotherapy
Hypnotherapy - hypnotherapy

A general term for psychotherapy that utilizes the properties of hypnosis. There are two types of psychotherapy: one that aims for the therapeutic effect of hypnosis itself, and one that aims to enhance the effects of various other psychotherapies by using hypnosis. When talking about hypnosis, the usual term is other-hypnosis, that is, the hypnotist uses hypnosis on the hypnotized person, but there is also self-hypnosis, that is, the person hypnotizes themselves. Since most psychotherapy is treatment by others, this is linked to other-hypnosis. Self-hypnosis is the treatment method of hypnosis itself that is most easily linked to self-treatment.

[Naruse Satosaku]

Hypnosis and Therapy

The most widely used form of allohypnosis and allotherapy is hypnoanalysis, which is psychoanalysis performed during hypnosis. There are two types of psychoanalysis: one in which a part of the orthodox psychoanalysis is performed during hypnosis, and one in which most of the analysis is performed during hypnosis. There are also those that utilize all the phenomena that occur during hypnosis at that point in time while proceeding with treatment, and those that simply perform regular counseling during a hypnotic trance.

Behavioral therapy, which is contrasted with psychoanalysis, has also been found to be more effective when performed during a hypnotic trance. In particular, images tend to appear during hypnosis, so it is used extensively in both psychoanalysis and behavioral therapy. During hypnosis, deep relaxation of the mind and body is likely to occur, and suggestions are effective in various ways, so this is utilized in behavioral therapy.

During the process of hypnotic induction, that is, the transition from a state of normal wakefulness to a trance state, a great variety of large changes occur in the mind of the client. Experiences such as the human relationship with the therapist, contact with reality, and acceptance and adaptation to an unreal world are themselves factors in psychotherapy. In psychoanalysis, this is used to deal with transference and resistance to it. The relationship between reality and unreality is used effectively in behavioral therapy together with relaxation.

[Naruse Satosaku]

Self-hypnosis/self-treatment

Self-hypnosis is often associated with self-treatment, a typical example of which is Schultz's autogenic training, whose standard practice is widely applied to psychosomatic disorders. Meditation practice using imagery is used in both psychoanalysis and behavior therapy, but special suggestion practice has created a new form of self-control therapy. Naruse's self-treatment method is characterized as a new type of humanistic psychotherapy that aims for self-transformation to adapt to reality through relaxation, which allows the patient to relax the mind and body, meditation, which allows the patient to enter a meditative state by calming the mind and concentrating attention, imagery, which allows the patient to bring vivid mental images to mind, mental rehearsal, which allows the patient to visualize anticipated real-life scenes and rehearse them in advance, and mental practice, which allows the patient to practice using images in the mind rather than actually moving the body.

[Naruse Satosaku]

"Hypnotic Interview by Naruse Satosaku (1968, Seishin Shobo)""Self-Control by Naruse Satosaku (1969, Kodansha)""Self-Hypnosis by J.H. Schultz and Naruse Satosaku (1963, Seishin Shobo)"

[Reference items] | Hypnosis | Autonomic training method

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

催眠の特性を利用することによって行う心理治療の総称。これには、催眠そのものが治療効果をねらうものと、催眠を利用することにより他のさまざまな心理療法の効果をいっそう高めようとするものとがある。また、催眠というとき、普通は他者催眠、すなわち催眠者が被催眠者に働きかけて催眠法を行うものをさすが、それ以外に、自己催眠、すなわち自分が自分に催眠法を行うものもある。多く心理療法は他者による治療だから、これが他者催眠と結び付く。自己催眠は催眠自体の治療法のうち自己治療と結び付きやすい。

[成瀬悟策]

他者催眠・他者治療

他者催眠・他者療法のうち広く行われるものは、精神分析を催眠中に行う催眠分析で、それには、正統的な精神分析の途中、一部分を催眠中に行うようなものと、そのほとんどを催眠中に進めるものとがある。また、催眠中のあらゆる現象をその時点時点で活用しながら治療を進めるものもあれば、催眠トランスtrance中に普通のカウンセリングを行うだけのものもある。

 精神分析と対置される行動療法も、催眠のトランス中に行うことにより、効果のあがりやすいことがわかっている。ことにイメージが催眠中に出現しやすいことから、精神分析も行動療法も、ともにそれが盛んに用いられる。催眠中には心身の深いリラクセイションrelaxationができやすいことと、暗示がさまざまな形で有効なので、行動療法ではこれが活用される。

 催眠誘導の過程、すなわち正常覚醒(かくせい)の状態からトランスに移行していく途中には、クライアントclient(相談者)の心のなかで非常に多様で大きな変化がおこる。治療者との人間関係、現実との接触、非現実世界の受容や適応などの体験は、それ自体が心理治療の要因と一致する。精神分析では感情転移とその抵抗などの取扱いにこれを利用する。現実と非現実との関係は、行動療法でリラクセイションとともに利用して効果をあげている。

[成瀬悟策]

自己催眠・自己治療

自己催眠は主として自己治療と結び付けられることが多く、その代表的なものはシュルツの自律訓練法で、その標準練習は心身症に広く適用されている。イメージによる黙想練習は精神分析にも行動療法にも用いられるが、特殊な暗示練習は新しい形の自己コントロール療法を生み出している。成瀬の自己治療法は自分で心身の弛緩(しかん)を図るリラクセイション、心を静め注意集中により瞑想(めいそう)状態に入っていくメディテイションmeditation、生き生きした心像が心に浮かぶようにするイメージimage、予想される現実場面をあらかじめイメージで心に描いて予演するメンタル・リハーサルmental rehearsal、実際にからだを動かして練習するのではなく、心のなかでイメージにより練習するメンタル・プラクティスmental practiceなどを通して、現実適応のための自己変革を目ざす新しいタイプの人間学的心理療法として特徴づけられる。

[成瀬悟策]

『成瀬悟策著『催眠面接法』(1968・誠信書房)』『成瀬悟策著『自己コントロール』(1969・講談社)』『J・H・シュルツ、成瀬悟策著『自己催眠』(1963・誠信書房)』

[参照項目] | 催眠 | 自律訓練法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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