Multiple - baisuu

Japanese: 倍数 - ばいすう
Multiple - baisuu

When an integer a is divisible by a positive integer b, in other words, when there exists an integer c such that a=b×c, a is said to be a multiple of b. In this case, b is a divisor of a. Therefore, it can be said that multiples and divisors are different ways of expressing the same thing. Similarly, when b is a negative integer or 0, a can be said to be a multiple of b. However, when considering multiples of b, b is often thought of as a positive integer.

When b is a positive integer, multiples of b are
……,-3b,-2b,-b,0,
b, 2b, 3b,……
There are an infinite number of b, and there is no smallest or largest. If we limit it to numbers greater than or equal to 0, the smallest is 0, no matter what b is. A multiple of 2 greater than or equal to 0 is called an even number. In contrast, the only multiple of 0 is 0.

The sum and difference of multiples of b is also a multiple of b. A multiple of a multiple of b is also a multiple of b.

There are several ways to identify multiples:

・Multiples of 2: The ones digit is an even number. ・Multiples of 3: The sum of the digits is a multiple of 3. ・Multiples of 4: The last two digits are a multiple of 4. ・Multiples of 5: The ones digit is either 0 or 5.
・Multiples of 9: The sum of the digits is a multiple of 9. ・Multiples of 11: For each alternate digit, the sums are equal, or the difference between these sums is a multiple of 11. A common multiple of two or more integers is the common multiple of those integers.

[Tatsuro Miwa]

[Reference] | Divisors

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

整数aが正の整数bで割り切れるとき、つまり、a=b×cとなる整数cが存在するとき、aはbの倍数であるという。このとき、bはaの約数である。だから、倍数・約数というのは、同じ事柄の別の表し方であるといえる。bが負の整数や0であるときも、同じように、aはbの倍数であるということがある。しかし、bの倍数を考えるとき、bは正の整数として考えることが多い。

 bが正の整数のとき、bの倍数は、
  ……,-3b,-2b,-b,0,
   b,2b,3b,……
と無数にあり、最小のものも最大のものも存在しない。0以上の数に限ると、最小のものは、bがなんであっても0である。0以上の2の倍数を偶数という。これに対して、0の倍数は0だけである。

 bの倍数どうしの和・差は、またbの倍数である。bの倍数の倍数は、またbの倍数である。

 倍数を見分けるのに、次の方法がある。

・2の倍数…一の位が偶数
・3の倍数…各位の数の和が3の倍数
・4の倍数…下二桁(けた)の数が4の倍数
・5の倍数…一の位の数が0か5
・9の倍数…各位の数の和が9の倍数
・11の倍数…各位の数について、一つ置きにとってつくった和が等しいか、その和どうしの差が11の倍数
 2個以上の整数の共通な倍数が、それらの整数の公倍数である。

[三輪辰郎]

[参照項目] | 約数

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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