Shunso Hishida

A Meiji era Japanese painter. His real name was Minaji. He was born in Iida-cho, Nagano Prefecture. He moved to Tokyo in 1889 (Meiji 22) to study under Yuki Masaaki, and entered the Tokyo School of Fine Arts the following year, graduating in 1895 after being mentored by Okakura Tenshin and Hashimoto Gaho. "The Widow and the Orphan" was his graduation project. The following year he became a lecturer at his alma mater, and joined the Japan Painting Association, exhibiting at the Painting Exhibition, winning a silver medal in 1897 for "Nengemisho (Flower Smile)." In 1898, when the art school turmoil occurred, he resigned to be with Tenshin, and participated in the founding of the Japan Art Academy. He was eager to innovate Japanese painting, and from around 1900 (Meiji 33), he tried the lineless painting technique with Yokoyama Taikan and others, producing works such as "Kiku Jido" and "Hokaku" (Crane in the Clouds), but was criticized for being hazy. Eventually, he reintroduced lines, but this experiment brought new elements to Japanese painting thereafter. In 1903, he traveled to India with Taikan, and in 1904, he traveled to America with Tenshin and Taikan, and returned to Japan via Europe the following year. In 1906, he moved to Izura, Ibaraki Prefecture, following the relocation of the Art Academy, and from there he exhibited "Wise-Headed Bodhisattva" at the first Bunten exhibition. However, he suffered from eye disease, and in 1908, he returned to Tokyo and lived in Yoyogi, and when he finally recovered, he devoted himself to sketching. "Fallen Leaves" (Important Cultural Property, Eisei Bunko, Tokyo), which he exhibited at the third Bunten exhibition in 1909, is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of modern Japanese painting. Other representative works from his later years include "Sparrows and Crows," "Seasonal Landscapes," and "Black Cat" (Important Cultural Property, Eisei Bunko, Tokyo). The clear expressions show a deepening contemplation of nature and an affinity with the classics.

[Minoru Harada]

"Hishida Haruo (definitive art collection)" (1977, Dai Nippon Kaiga)" ▽ "Hishida Shunsō" by Kondo Keitaro (1984, Kodansha)" ▽ "Japanese Masterpieces 8: Hishida Shunsō" (1977, Chuokoron-Shinsha) edited by Kawakita Michiaki et al. ▽ "Hishida Shunsō and His Times" by Teshigahara Jun (1982, Rokugei Shobo)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

明治の日本画家。本名は三男治(みなじ)。長野県飯田(いいだ)町に生まれる。1889年（明治22）に上京して結城正明(ゆうきまさあき)に師事し、翌年東京美術学校に入学、岡倉天心、橋本雅邦(がほう)の薫陶を受けて95年に卒業。『寡婦と孤児』は卒業制作である。翌年母校の講師となり、また日本絵画協会に加わり絵画共進会に出品、97年の『拈華微笑(ねんげみしょう)』で銀牌(ぎんぱい)を受賞した。98年美術学校騒動に際し天心に殉じて辞職し、日本美術院の創立に参加した。日本画の革新に意欲を燃やし、1900年（明治33）ごろから横山大観らと没線描法を試み、『菊慈童』『雲中放鶴(ほうかく)』などを発表したが、朦朧(もうろう)体と悪評を受けた。やがて線は復活するが、この試みは以後の日本画に新たな要素をもたらすことになる。03年に大観とインドへ旅行、04年には天心、大観らとアメリカへ渡り、翌年ヨーロッパを経て帰国。06年美術院の移転に従って茨城県五浦(いづら)に移り、第1回文展にはここから『賢首菩薩(ぼさつ)』を出品した。しかし眼病を患い、08年東京に戻って代々木に住み、ようやく回復すると写生に励む。09年の第3回文展に出品した『落葉(おちば)』（重文、東京・永青文庫）は近代日本画中、屈指の名作とされる。ほかに『雀(すずめ)に鴉(からす)』『四季山水』や『黒き猫』（重文、東京・永青文庫）などが晩年を代表する作品。清澄な表現に自然観照の深まりと古典への親近がうかがえる。

［原田　実］

『菱田春夫編著『菱田春草（定本画集）』（1977・大日本絵画）』▽『近藤啓太郎著『菱田春草』（1984・講談社）』▽『河北倫明他編『日本の名画8　菱田春草』（1977・中央公論社）』▽『勅使河原純著『菱田春草とその時代』（1982・六芸書房）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例