The minimum cost of living is the monetary expression of the minimum standard of living required for humans to survive, but there are various concepts and contents. For example, Marx said that in capitalist economies, the supply of labor structurally exceeds the demand, so wages tend to be pushed down to the minimum cost of living or below, but in this case, the minimum cost of living was close to the level required for biological survival. Next, in the income tax systems of developed countries, the minimum cost of living of taxpayer households is exempt from tax, but in Japan, this corresponds to the basic deduction for the taxpayer, spouse deduction, and dependent deduction. In addition, the standard of living assistance in Japan's social security system is said to guarantee a healthy and cultural minimum standard of living, but in reality it is at 60% of the consumption expenditure of a working household. As such, various standards are possible, but it is said that the most objective indication of the current minimum cost of living in Japan is the standard cost of living calculated and published by the National Personnel Authority when recommending salary revisions for national civil servants. [Tetsuya Hitosugi] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
人間が生きていくのに最低限必要とされる生活水準を、貨幣的に表現したものが最低生活費であるが、その概念や内容についてはさまざまな場合がある。たとえばマルクスは、資本主義経済では労働供給が需要を構造的に上回るため、賃金が最低生活費ないしそれ以下に押し下げられる傾向があるとしたが、この場合の最低生活費は生物的生存のための水準に近かった。次に先進国の所得税制では、納税者家計の最低生活費は非課税とされるが、それはわが国では本人の基礎控除や配偶者控除、扶養家族控除が該当するものとなる。また、わが国の社会保障制度における生活扶助基準は、健康で文化的な最低生活水準を保障するものとされているが、実際には勤労者家計の消費支出の6割の水準となっている。このようにいろいろな基準が考えられるが、現在のわが国の最低生活費をもっとも客観的に示すものは、人事院が国家公務員の給与改定を勧告する際に算定公表する標準生計費であろうといわれている。 [一杉哲也] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
…However, he indulged in extravagance and disrega...
...During the Kenmu Restoration after the fall of...
One of the membranes that make up the eyeball. Loc...
…A series of machine-breaking incidents that occu...
1884-1979 A historian of manners and customs from...
...Masao Koga added the kobushi to this, making i...
A Confucian physician from the mid-Edo period. He...
...Also, the influence of the Italian immigrants ...
This is the force that acts between nucleons and d...
…On the other hand, Siam tried to advance into Ma...
…Herodotus identifies Deioces as the founder of t...
One of the three major rivers in Okayama Prefectu...
Also called mangrove forest. This is a special typ...
…Plants that grow in normal, moderately moist soi...
…Since natural persons have unlimited legal capac...