It is an academic field in the boundary area between physics and chemistry. Physical chemistry means physical chemistry, and chemical physics means chemical physics, so it can be said that physical chemistry is a field that expands from chemistry into the realm of physics, and vice versa is chemical physics. Chemical physics mainly involves the process of using the results of microscopic observations of substances to explain the macroscopic properties of substances. Debye's contributions to the development of chemical physics today are great. He established the theory of dipole moment measurement and the theory of X-ray diffraction, and clarified the structures of various molecules. The experimental methods used in this field today include electromagnetic waves, heat, and sound waves, and theoretically, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, statistical thermodynamics, etc. Research subjects include atomic and molecular structure, chemical bond theory, intermolecular forces, the state of real gases, the structure of liquids, electrolyte solution theory, polymer solution theory, diffusion and viscosity, interface phenomena, the properties and structure of solids, rubber elasticity and viscoelasticity of polymeric substances, phase transitions, semiconductors, chemical reaction theory, as well as superconductivity and low-temperature physics. With the recent ease of use of electronic computers, this is a field that has seen great progress and development in both theory and experiments. [Takashi Shimozawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物理と化学との境界領域の学問分野。物理化学は物理的化学、化学物理は化学的物理学の意味であり、化学側から物理学の領域に拡大された分野が物理化学、その逆が化学物理学であるといえる。化学物理学では主として物質の微視的観測結果を物質の巨視的性質の説明に用いる過程をとる。今日の化学物理学の発展に果たしたデバイの功績は大きい。彼は双極子モーメントの測定理論、X線回折の理論などをたて、種々の分子の構造を明らかにした。 今日この分野で用いられている実験手段は電磁波、熱、音波などで、理論的には量子力学、統計力学、統計熱力学などが必要である。研究対象には、原子、分子の構造、化学結合論、分子間力、実在気体の状態、液体の構造、電解質溶液論、高分子溶液論、拡散や粘性、界面現象、固体の性質や構造、高分子物質のゴム弾性や粘弾性、相転移、半導体、化学反応論などをはじめ、超伝導、低温物理学などがある。最近は電子計算機が容易に使用できるようになったので、理論、実験とも大幅な進歩発展がみられる分野である。 [下沢 隆] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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