Conga - Conga (English spelling)

Japanese: コンガ - こんが(英語表記)conga
Conga - Conga (English spelling)

A cylindrical or barrel-shaped single-sided drum used in Latin American music. Originally it was used to accompany the Cuban conga dance (a marching dance of African origin, characterized by a syncopated two-beat rhythm). It is used in pairs or on its own. Its body is 50-90 cm long, and the membrane diameter is 25-30 cm. Early drums had a thick membrane fixed to the body with wooden or metal pegs, but later they were stretched by inserting metal hoops, and in recent years some drums have the membrane sewn to a tensioning frame with leather strings, and the tension of the membrane can be changed by adjusting the strings with a screw. It is mostly played with the fingers and palm, but a distinctive technique is to hit the membrane from the outside toward the center with the palm while pressing it to make the sound higher or muffled.

[Yoichi Yamada]

The music used for conga dancing is also called conga, and in the mid-1930s it was incorporated into ballroom dancing, with the rhythm simplified and becoming popular in Europe and the United States as well.

[Fumio Nagata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ラテンアメリカ音楽で用いられる円筒形もしくは樽(たる)形の片面太鼓。元来はキューバのコンガ・ダンス(アフリカ起源の行進舞踏で、2拍子系のシンコペーション・リズムが特徴)の伴奏用楽器。1対または単体で用いられる。胴長は50~90センチメートル、膜面の直径は25~30センチメートル。初期のものは厚い皮膜を木釘(きくぎ)や金釘で胴に固定していたが、のちに金属のたがをはめ込んで張るようになり、近年では皮膜を革紐(ひも)で張り枠に縫い付け、ねじで紐を調節して膜の張力を変えられるものもみられる。打奏は、ほとんどの場合指と手のひらで行われるが、手のひらで膜面を周りから中央に向けて押さえながらたたいて、音を高くしたり、くぐもらせたりする技法が特徴的である。

[山田陽一]

 なおコンガ・ダンスの音楽も同じくコンガの名称でよばれ、1930年代の中ごろには社交ダンスにも取り入れられ、リズムが単純化されて欧米でも流行した。

[永田文夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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